UC-NRLF 


B   M   31E 


OSES 


*\ 


: 
LIBRARY 
JNIVERSITY  OF      / 
CALIFORNIA        ) 


The  Gift  of  Beatrix  Farrand 

to  the  General  Library 
University  of  California  Berkeley 


REEF 

POINT 

GARDENS 

LIBRARY 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

DEDICATED  TO  THE 

FLOWER-LOVING  PEOPLE 

OF  AMERICA 


TWELFTH  EDITION 
REVISED  AND  ENLARGED 


THE  YCONARD  &  JONES  CO. 

WEST  GROVE,  PA. 

Copyright  iQi6,  by  The  Canard  &*  Jones  Co. 


Contents 

THE  AMATEUR'S  ROSE-GARDEN 3 

ESTABLISHING  IDEALS 5 

THE  ROSE-LOVER'S  CALENDAR  OF  OPERATIONS 6 

WHERE  TO  PLANT  ROSES 9 

PREPARING  TO  GROW  ROSES 14 

Drainage 14 

Soils 15 

Fertilizers 16 

When  to  Plant     .  _ 17 

Treatment  on  Arrival 18 

PLANTING 20 

Staking  the  Roses 22 

Labeling 22 

Platting 24 

Mulching 25 

PROTECTING  THE  ROSES 26 

From  Frost 26 

From  Enemies 29 

PRUNING 31 

How  to  Use  This  Pruning  Information 34 

Own  Root,  and  Budded  or  Grafted  Roses 36 

SELECTING  THE  ROSES 37 

Terms  Used  to  Describe  Appropriate  Uses 41 

One  Hundred  and  Fifty-Eight  Choice  Roses 43 

ROSES  FOR  VARIOUS  PURPOSES  AND  USES 64 

SELECTIONS  FOR  SPECIAL  SECTIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF 

AMERICA 77 

The  Pacific  Northwest J.  A.  Currey  77 

Minneapolis  and  Vicinity Theodore  Wirth  79 

New  York  and  Lower  New  England.    .    .    .  Rev.  E.  M.  Mills  80 

Roslyn  and  Northwest  Long  Island  .    .  Admiral  Aaron  Ward  81 

Philadelphia  and  Vicinity Dr.  Robert  Huey  82 

Washington,  D.  C,  and  Points  South     .     .  Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet  83 

The  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States C.  Wintzer  84 

Chicago  and  the  North W.  C.  Egan  85 

THE  INCREASING  REGARD  FOR  ROSES 91 

The  American  Rose  Society 92 

Rose  Test-Gardens 93 

Municipal  Rose-Gardens 95 

A  FAMOUS  ROSE-GARDEN 98 

THE  RED  ROSE  CHURCH  AT  MANHEIM 100 

ROSE-BEADS 101 

ATTAR  OF  ROSES 102 

HYBRIDIZING 104 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 105 

SYNONYMOUS  ROSES 106 

ANALYSIS  OF  SPECIES 107 

ROSES  ARRANGED  IN  CLASSES no 

INDEX    .  1 1 6 


ARCHITECTURE 


little  book  is  designed  to  help  the  reader 
realize  that  by  setting  out  the  right  plants  of 
the  right  sort  of  roses  this  spring,  cut-flowers 
may  be  had  from  these  selfsame  plants  dur- 
ing the  last  days  of  May,  with  a  continuity 
of  bloom  almost  unbroken  until  the  frosts 
of  late  autumn  herald  the  approaching  winter. 
Amateurs  are  now  able  to  have  an  all-summer  "feast  of 
roses,"  as  well  as  the  skilled    professional,   and  it  is  the 
amateur's   rose-garden,    especially,  that   we   have   had    in 
mind  when  writing  the  following  pages. 

A  large  garden  is  not  requisite.  Two  or  three  dozen  good 
plants,  of  the  modern  and  greatly  improved  sorts,  properly 
selected,  will  give  much  enjoyment;  while  a  garden  of  roses 
with  somewhat  greater  variety  and  extent  can  readily  be 
made  a  summer-long  delight. 

In  spring,  one  can  have  the  pleasure  of  building  air- 
castles  about  the  plants.  When  the  warm  days  of  June 
arrive,  these  air-castles  will  have  taken  substantial  form,  and 
you  may  go  from  one  plant  to  another,  giving  each  a  little 
daily  attention,  contrasting  one  proud  beauty  with  another 
equally  queenly,  and,  best  of  all,  gathering  an  abundance 
of  lovely  roses.  Half  an  hour  of  such  tonic-toil  each  day  is 
a  great  nerve-restorer,  and,  what  many  of  those  who  have 
tried  it  realize,  it  is  also  food  for  the  soul. 

Rose-growing  among  amateurs  in  this  country  is  yet  in 
its  infancy.  In  England,  before  the  war,  nearly  everyone 
grew  roses.  Dazzling  vistas  of  roses  were  to  be  seen  in  the 


911 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


hedge-rows,  along  the  country  roads  and  lanes.  Gardens 
were  full  of  flowers,  and  each  person  seemed  to  be  striving 
in  friendly  rivalry  with  his  neighbor.  Why  was  this  extra- 
ordinary enthusiasm  for  the  rose?  Because  it  is  without  a 
peer  among  all  the  flowering  plants.  It  presents  nearly  every 
floral  shade,  in  combinations  far  more  attractive  than 
exotic  orchids,  and,  above  all,  its  delicious  fragrance  gives 
us  the  enjoyment  of  another  sense — the  crowning  feature, 
in  which  no  other  flower  can  compete  with  it. 

Since  history  was  first  written  the  rose  has  been  asso- 
ciated with  the  most  important  events  in  the  life  of  man. 
For  centuries  it  has  been  fully  recognized  as  the  Queen 
of  Flowers,  honored  alike  by  poet  and  king.  Yet  such  vari- 
eties as  Ophelia,  Sunburst,  and  Frau  Karl  Druschki,  the 
ancients  never  knew!  Why,  then,  should  not  you  and 
yours  share  in  the  pleasures  of  the  twentieth-century  roses, 
to  your  own  enjoyment  and  to  the  advantage  of  those  around 
you?  Just  a  little  garden  of  these  modern  well-bred  roses; 
just  a  little  daily,  loving  care;  just  a  little  cost;  and  the 
result  to  you  and  your  neighbors  will  be  the  glory  of  the 
Queen  of  Flowers. 


The  Glory  of  the  Queen  of  Flowers 


AND  HOW  TO  ARRANGE  THEM  5 

Establishing  Ideals 

First  consider  what  kind  of  rose-garden  you  will  plan. 
Roses  seem  to  enjoy  being  arranged  in  countless  ways.  Will 
the  first  show  of  bloom  to  burst  into  view,  as  one  approaches 
your  home,  be  on  your  pergola,  or  arbor,  or  rose-covered 
summer-house?  If  none  of  these  furnishes  appropriate 
setting,  probably  your  banks  or  fences  will  be  clothed  or 
beautified.  A  variety  of  types,  shown  on  the  following  pages, 
is  available,  and  choosing  from  these  will  become  a  delight. 

Perhaps  your  fancy  may  picture  prosperous  beds,  abound- 
ing in  a  wealth  of  bloom,  to  be  seen  across  a  sweep  of  level 
lawn,  or  from  your  favorite  room  in  the  house,  or  even  hidden 
beyond  the  curve  in  your  garden-walk. 

The  formal  rose-garden,  too,  is  important,  especially 
on  the  larger  place.  There  are  excellent  reasons  why  the 
rose-garden  should  have  a  domain  all  its  own.  These 
fastidious  creatures  that  so  well  repay  your  thoughtful  care 
may  well  be  grouped  and  with  greater  resulting  effectiveness. 
In  no  other  case,  perhaps,  does  careful  planning  pay  so  well  as 
in  the  formal  garden. 

In  these  brief  suggestions  of  rose-garden  possibilities  let 
us  recall  vividly  the  value  of  the  rose  in  the  landscape.  Here 
again  a  knowledge  of  varieties  is  important.  Landscape 
architects  are  recognizing  more  and  more  the  noteworthy 
species  which  are  valuable  in  mass-plantings  for  showy  effects, 
for  retaining  embankments,  for  bordering  driveways,  or 
even  for  certain  types  of  hedges. 

Or  you  may  wish  most  for  a  garden  of  roses  from  which 
to  cut  bouquets,  so  that  "the  Glory  of  the  Garden"  may  be 
reflected  in  your  home.  "Good  taste"  will  suggest  the  right 
roses — one  for  this  vase,  a  bunch  for  that  bowl,  a  spray  for 
the  guest-room,  still  others  for  the  hallway  or  the  dining- 
room  table,  then  surely  some  for  boutonnieres,  and  at  times 
for  "state  occasions."  Surely  anyone  who  has  experienced  the 
exquisite  thrill  welling  up  in  the  soul  from  the  presence  of 
choice  roses  well  arranged  will  be  eager  to  develop  the  skill 
needed  to  make  the  best  use  of  Nature's  garden-gifts. 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


The  Rose-Lover's  Calendar 
of  Operations 

These  dates  will  be  found  relatively  correct  for  the  aver- 
age season  in  the  latitude  of  Philadelphia.  If  you  live  north 
or  south,  make  the  usual  allowance  of  about  four  days  for 
every  100  miles  of  latitude.  Comparative  altitude  must  also 
be  taken  into  consideration.  The  seasons  vary;  for  example, 
the  ground  may  be  in  good  condition  and  ready  for  digging 
as  much  as  three  weeks  earlier  one  year  than  it  will  be  the 
following  spring. 

March  15. — Such  hardy  roses  as  are  already  planted  should 
now  be  pruned. 

March  25  to  30. — As  soon  as  the  ground  can  be  well  worked,  plant 
new  hardy  roses  which  are  to  be  had  dormant.  Prune  these  even  more 
closely  than  older  established  bushes. 

April  10. — Less  hardy  roses,  including  the  Everblooming  class, 
should  be  pruned.  Begin  to  remove  the  winter  protection  as  the  increas- 
ing heat  of  the  sun  permits. 

April  15. — Roses  are  not  immune  from  mildew  and  other  fungoid 
contagious  diseases;  therefore  it  pays  at  this  time  to  spray  with  bordeaux 
mixture  all  your  rose  plants  as  well  as  nearby  fruit  trees  and  grape-vines. 

April  25  to  50. — Finish  uncovering  and  pruning  your  roses.  Plant 
new  ones  (now  or  until  the  middle  of  May).  A  slight  shading  of  these 
from  the  sun  will  prove  an  advantage. 

May  i  to  10. — As  soon  as  plants  are  well  set  with  foliage,  a  spraying 
with  rose  nicotine  or  sulpho- tobacco  soap  will  act  as  a  preventive 
against  aphides  (green  fly). 

May  20. — As  soon  as  buds  begin  to  swell,  weak  manure-water  may 
be  applied  to  the  plants.  Spray  again  to  kill  off  the  aphides,  otherwise 
they  will  multiply  with  amazing  speed. 

May  25. — Now  starts  the  season's  procession  of  bloom,  led  by  the 
sturdy  Rugosas  and  the  Yellow  Briar  roses.  Start  feeding  the  Hybrid 
Perpetual  roses  with  liquid  manure. 

June  i. — With  this  month  we  see  the  true  glory  of  the  "Feast  of 
Roses." 

June  5. — Watch  for  the  rose  beetle  and  rose  slug,  and  spray  every 
ten  days  for  three  weeks  with  a  half  pound  of  arsenate  of  lead  to  ten 
gallons  of  water. 

June  w. — Begin  to  nourish  the  Teas  and  Hybrid  Teas  with  liquid 
manure.  (Page  17.)  You'll  soon  see  the  result. 

June  20  to  30. — Now  the  Teas,  Hybrid  Teas,  and  Climbers  begin 
blooming  in  abundance.  Cut  your  blossoms  freely.  Look  out  for  mildew 
and  apply  the  remedy. 

July  i. — Keep  the  soil  well  stirred,  A  dust  mulch  at  this  season  is 
important. 


CALENDAR  OF  OPERATIONS 


7 


July  4. — Gather  all  the  flowers  you  can;  it  is  not  best  for  the  plants 
to  have  them  die  on  the  bushes.  You  should  now  be  reaping  a  full  har- 
vest from  the  Teas,  Hybrid  Teas,  etc. 

July  10. — From  now  till  autumn  keep  a  sharp  lookout  for  signs  of 
fungoid  troubles — such  as  (i)  mildew,  (2)  black  spot,  or  (3)  yellow 
leaf,  and  apply  bordeaux  mixture.  If  any  aphides  appear,  use  rose 
nicotine. 

July  15. — Thin  out  the  old  canes  and  trim  back  all  multifloras  and 
other  climbers  noted  under  chapter  on  pruning. 

July  20. — Now  or  earlier  mulch  your  roses  with  grass-cuttings, 
old  manure,  leaves,  sawdust,  or  peat-moss. 

August  30. — Teas  and  Hybrid  Teas  bring  forth  their  "Fall  Flower 
Show."  As  soon  as  the  buds  form,  remember  that  Bon  Arbor  or  manure- 
water  applied  to  the  roots  will  help  them  to  produce  the  blossoms  you'll 
be  proud  of. 

September  10. — Some  Hybrid  Perpetuals  bloom  a  second  time. 

October  15. — Make  ready  your  new  beds  for  next  year. 

November  15. — After  the  first  frost,  begin  covering  the  stems  of  your 
roses,  pages  2-6,  and,  soon  after  this,  complete  the  protecting  of  the 
more  tender  kinds. 

Thanksgiving  Day. — As  soon  as  the  ground  has  frozen,  all  should 
be  safely  nestled  in  their  winter  beds. 

WHEN  YOUR  ROSES  ARE  UNDER  THE  SNOW 

December.— Read  Dean  Hole's  "The  Book  of  Roses."  (See  Bib- 
liography, page  105.) 

January. — Send  for  the  catalogs  of  a  few  reliable  rose-growers. 
February. — Order  your  new  "Made  in  America"  roses. 


This  shows  how  "York  and  Lancaster"  may  be  used  (page  62) 


"Just  a  little  garden  of  these  modern  well-bred  roses;  just  a  little 
daily,  loving  care;  just  a  little  cost;  and  the  result  to  you  and  your 
neighbors  is  the  glory  of  the  Queen  of  Flowers," 


CHOOSING  THE  LOCATION 


Where  to  Plant  Roses 

Several  available  spaces  for  the  rose-bed  are  usually  to  be 
found  on  the  average  home-grounds.  The  author  has  had 
the  good  fortune  to  visit  a  number  of  rose-gardens  that  are 
famous — and  others  that  deserve  to  be — and  this  may  be 
said  of  nearly  all :  that  they  lay  on  the  genial,  sunny  side  of  a 
generous  group  of  trees  or  copse,  but  were  open  to  the  gentler 
breezes,  and  were  not  shut  in  or  shaded. 

When  buying  a  new  property,  the  selection  of  the 
most  suitable  spot  upon  it  for  the  house  is  scarcely  more 
important  than  the  selection  of  a  site  for  your  rose-garden. 
You  will  choose  a  sunny  room,  if  possible,  for  the  indoor 
nursery,  where  "the  little  fairies"  in  your  home  may  romp 
and  play  on  a  wintry  day;  and  so,  too,  will  you  wish  to  provide 
for  the  happiness  and  well-being  of  your  rose-children,  because 
only  a  few  of  them  are  prairie-born.  Only  a  small  section  of 
this  large  family  has  been  reared  to  bear  the  rigors  of  gusty, 
sweeping  or  whipping  winds  at  any  time  of  year,  and  from 
such,  for  the  best  results,  they  must  be  protected.  It  is  not 
only  the  severe,  cold  winds  of  winter,  or  the  raw,  cutting 
swish  of  spring,  but  the  hot,  withering  winds  of  summer,  too, 
that  may  ruin  the  opening  buds  and  spoil  the  almost  ripe 
fruits  of  your  labor. 

Choose  a  place,  therefore,  or  establish  one,  protected 
either  by  trees,  a  hedge,  a  wall,  a  building,  or  by  some  other 
windbreak.  Even  a  hedge  of  roses,  or  climbers,  upon  a 
substantial  trellis  will  avail,  although  a  more  dense  screen  is 
more  effective.  Choose,  too,  a  place  where  the  sun  will  shine 
for  not  less  than  one-half  of  the  day,  preferably  the  morning. 
By  this  you  will  see  that  a  space  opening  away  to  the  south 
or  southeast  is  to  be  preferred.  We  have  noted  equally  suc- 
cessful rose-gardens  entirely  surrounded  by  hedges. 

Avoid  the  too  close  shade  of  trees,  or  the  proximity  of 
tree-roots;  they  are  ravenous  robbers.  If  the  roots  can  pos- 
sibly reach  over  to  your  rose-beds,  they  will  do  it  and  steal 
away  the  nourishment  you  have  provided.  Therefore,  either 
keep  entirely  away  from  them  or,  if  you  must  dig  your  bed 


10 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

near  them,  put  in  a  partition  on  the  tree  side  to  keep  back 
the  roots.  Boards  will  do  for  a  time;  a  concrete  wall,  about 
4  inches  thick,  will  last  longer. 

Another  point  to  remember  is  that  "roses  do  not  like 
wet  feet."  They  seem  to  resent  the  ignominy  of  being  sub- 
jected to  standing  in  undrained  ground.  Avoid  very  low 
ground  for  this  reason,  and  also  because  it  is  more  subject 
to  early  or  late  frost,  and  has  greater  tendency  to  mildew. 

Try  to  combine  in  your  choice  as  many  of  these  condi- 
tions as  possible,  because,  while  no  point  is  absolute,  all  are 
important.  Don't  stop  or  give  up  for  the  lack  of  some  one 
of  them.  Be  earnest  about  it,  and  you  will  soon  provide  the 
essentials.  Mr.  Chapman,  the  ornithologist,  asked  ex- 
President  Roosevelt  how  he  continually  accomplished  so 
much.  Mr.  Roosevelt  answered  that  this  had  been  his  motto: 

"Do  what  you  can,  with  what  you  have, 
where  you  are." 

That  motto  will  prove  most  useful  for  the  rose-grower. 
It  lacks,  however,  one  essential,  which  has  been  expressed 
by  no  other  so  fittingly,  in  our  estimation,  as  by  Dean  Hole: 
"He  who  would  have  beautiful  roses  in  his  garden  must 
have  beautiful  roses  in  his  heart.  He  must  love  them  well 
and  always.  He  must  have  not  only  the  glowing  admiration, 


This  is  Gardenia,  running  in  revelry  over  the  garden-wall 


MAKE  A  PICTURE  OF  YOUR  LAWN      n 


Let  climbing  roses  frame  your  garden  pictures 


the  enthusiasm 
and  the  passion, 
but  the  ten- 
derness, the 
thoughtfulness, 
the  reverence, 
the  watchfulness 
of  love."  The 
rosarian  of  be- 
loved memory 
understood  the 
secret.  And 
would  that  we 
Americans  had 

more,  like  him,  to  spread  the  love  for  beautiful  roses,  as 
well  as  for  the  wholesome  pastime  of  planting  and  caring  for 
the  Queen  of  Flowers. 

"Make  a  picture  of  your  lawn."  This  is  the  first  principle 
of  landscape-gardening.  Leave  open  the  center  spaces  and 
plant  about  and  along  the  edges.  Allow  this  rule  to  guide 
you,  then  select  places  for  your  roses  where  they  will  do 
best  and  give  you  the  most  pleasure. 

Some  varieties,  as  for  example  the  Rugosas  and  the"rose 
species,"  serve  a  very  useful  purpose  when  planted  among  the 
shrubbery.  Many  other  uses,  too,  are  described  on  pages  64 
to  76.  The  bush  roses,  however,  including  the  Teas,  Hybrid 
Teas,  and  Hybrid  Perpetuals,  will  prove  most  satisfying  if 
segregated  and  not  mixed  too  much  with  other  plants. 

The  location  will  help  to  decide  the  shape  of  your  bed, 
and  it  is  mainly  a  matter  of  taste  as  to  whether  it  shall  be 
straight,  curved,  oblong,  round,  or  square.  The  essential 
point  to  remember  is  this:  You  will  want  to  get  within  arm's 
reach  of  every  rose  in  your  bed,  many  times  in  a  year,  without 
stepping  on  the  bed.  Not  over  5  feet  in  width  and  preferably 
tf/2  feet,  therefore,  is  a  good  rule  to  follow. 

Arrange  the  roses  18  inches  apart  each  way,  unless  they 
are  very  vigorous  growers,  in  which  case  allow  2  feet 
for  spread.  In  warm  countries,  where  the  growth  is  most 


o 


' 

r  M 


SIZE  AND  SHAPE  OF  THE  BEDS 


o 

0             O             0     ^      © 

r 

• 

o         ©          £~ia  »--••» 

luxuriant,  and  for  the  big  bushy  sorts,  even  more  room  will 
be  required.  Again,  there  is  the  other  extreme  as,  for  example, 
in  making  a  border  or  edging  of  Polyantha  roses,  a  fine 
continuous  effect  may  be  had 
by  spacing  them  in  the  row 
at  only  12  inches  apart. 
This  diagram  shows  a  bed 

3  feet  wide  for  two  rows.    A 
bed  this  width,  "staggered," 

will  require  twelve  roses  to  every  9  feet,  twenty-four  roses 
if  1 8  feet  long,  and  larger  beds  in  the  same  proportion. 

The  young  garden  in  the  picture  below  is  well  done. 
Note  the  avenue  effect  produced  by  the  double  row  of 
Standard  or  Tree  roses  on  either  side  of  the  walk,  set  from 

4  to  10  feet  apart.  They  remind  one  of  the  beautiful  rose- 
gardens  in  England.    Up  the  wall  on  either  side  climbing 
roses  have  been  started.     The  front  bed  on  the  left  in  the 
picture  is  4^  feet  square,  and  contains  nine  roses.    The 
front  bed  on  the  right,  if  4^2  feet  wide  by  6  feet  long,  would 
contain  twelve  roses.  The  rear  bed  on  the  right  of  the  walk 
is  4^2  feet  wide  by  13  feet  long,  and  contains  twenty-four 
roses;  and  the  long  bed  in  the  rear  on  the  left,  if  4^  feet  wide 
by  20  feet  long,  would  contain  thirty-six  roses. 


The  formal  garden  is  incomplete  without  roses 


14 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

Preparing  to  Grow  Roses 

Having  chosen  the  location  and  decided  upon  the  size 
and  shape  of  your  beds,  you  are  next  ready  to  prepare  the  soil. 
Rev.  F.  Page  Roberts,  an  ex-president  of  the  National 
Rose  Society  of  England,  has  said:  "After  years  of  rose-grow- 
ing in  places  far  apart,  I  think  it  is  not  so  much  the  soil  and 
the  climate,  as  the  care  and  skill  of  the  cultivator  that  wins 
success." 

A  very  successful  grower  of  roses  in  New  York  State  once 
remarked  to  a  meeting  of  his  rose  society:  "I  would  rather 
plant  a  15-cent  rose  in  a  5O-cent  hole  than  plant  a  5O-cent 
rose  in  a  15-cent  hole."  He  was  wise.  The  author  recalls 
visiting  a  successful  private  rose-garden  in  New  England  one 
day  when  the  roses  in  one  bed  were  being  moved.  Those 
roses  had  well-developed  roots  3  feet  long,  because  the 
bed  in  which  they  were  growing  had  been  prepared  to  that 
depth,  and  the  top-growth  and  bloom  had  been  luxuriantly 
magnificent,  testifying  to  the  value  of  deep  and  thorough 
soil-preparation. 

Drainage 

One  thing,  however,  must  be  provided,  if  you  are  to  court 
success,  that  is  ample  drainage.  "Wet  feet"  for  roses  are  no 
more  conducive  to  health  and  happiness  than  for  children. 
Examine  your  soil;  if  there  seems  a  need,  provide  drainage, 
and  remove  the  soil  from  your  bed  to  the  very  bottom.  Place 
there  a  layer  from  4  to  6  inches  deep  of  stones  not  larger  than 
your  fist,  broken  bricks,  clinkers,  or  other  suitable  material 

that  will  readily  "take" 
the  water  from  above. 
The  soil  is  seldom  so 

tiling  to6  t^ke  \V ""water 
away  and,   indeed,  nine 
times  out  of  ten  no  arti- 
.       ficial  drainage  at  all  will 

Layers  or  stones  like  this  are  not  essential      T  A   A 

if  the  ground  is  naturally  well  drained        ke  needed. 


PREPARING  THE  BEDS 15 

Soils 

The  good  loam  so  often  found  directly  beneath  the  sod  is 
excellent,  but  is  greatly  improved  by  being  broken,  even 
pulverized,  to  a  depth  of  at  least  two  spades  and  thoroughly 
mixed  with  about  one-third  its  bulk  of  rotted  manure. 
Fresh  manure  must  never  be  allowed  to  touch  the  rose- roots. 
Indeed,  the  more  thorough-going  way  is  to  make  sure  of  the 
nether  layer  of  soil  by  removing  the  upper  one.  First  of  all, 
peel  off  the  sod  (it  will  produce  excellent  compost,  see 
section  on  "Fertilizers");  next  take  out  the  top  layer  of  soil 
to  the  depth  of  i  foot  and  pile  it  nearby.  If  the  soil  below 
that  is  good,  rich  loam,  or  a  fair  mixture  of  clay  and  loam,  it 
may  remain.  Loosen  this  with  a  garden  fork  to  a  depth  of 
another  foot,  preferably  not  upturning  it,  and  mix  with  it 
well-decomposed  manure,  and  then  put  back  the  top  layer  of 
loam  in  which  to  plant  your  roses. 

If,  on  the  other  hand,  you  find  the  subsoil  poor,  barren,  and 
unproductive,  you  may  have  to  remove  it  altogether.  Haul 
it  away,  and  put  your  chopped-up  sods  in  the  bottom,  grass- 
side  down,  to  rot  and  make  future  plant-food.  If  you  have 
ready  from  the  previous  year  a  compost  made  by  mixing  one- 
half  or  two-thirds  of  sod,  with  the  balance  of  manure  from 
the  cow-stables,  use  it  in  the  bottom  of  your  bed,  and  make 
a  future  storehouse  of  rich  nourishment  for  your  roses. 

Another  hint:  A  few  broken  bones  may  be  mixed  with 
the  soil  in  the  bottom  of  the  trench,  say  a  peck  for  a  bed 
holding  a  dozen  roses.  These  will  decay  slowly,  and  furnish 
plant-food  for  three  or  four  years  to  come. 

Not  all  roses  like  the  same  soils.  The  Hybrid  Perpetuals, 
for  example,  love  a  heavy  clay  or  loam.  So  do  the  heavier- 
growing  climbers;  whereas  the  Teas,  Hybrid  Teas,  Bourbons 
and  the  like,  revel  in  a  lighter  soil  and  a  warmer  one,  with  less 
than  50  per  cent  clay  or  loam,  and  more  sand  or  leaf-mold. 
Rugosas  thrive  even  in  quite  sandy  soil. 

"It  is  difficult  to  give  the  roses  too  rich  soil."  If  your  soil 
is  light  and  sandy,  and  you  cannot  well  replace  it  entirely,  it 
may  be  greatly  improved  by  mixing  a  little  clay  or  rich  loam 


16 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

with  it  when  trenching.  If  your  soil  seems  too  heavy,  it  can 
be  made  lighter  and  more  open  by  adding  sand,  or  even  coal- 
ashes.  To  be  good  for  roses,  the  soil  must  be  such  as  will  not 
quickly  transmit  to  the  roots  sudden  surface  changes  of 
temperature.  The  roots  should  be  kept  cool.  If  it  be  pos- 
sible after  the  soil  in  your  bed  has  been  prepared,  give  it 
time,  say  two  or  three  months,  to  settle  before  planting  your 
roses.  If  this  be  out  of  the  question,  press  with  your  feet 
each  layer  of  soil  in  your  bed,  as  you  proceed  to  fill  it  in. 

Fertilizers 

While  manure  from  the  cow-stable  is  best,  you  can  draw 
upon  the  horse-stable,  sheep-pens,  or  pig-sty  with  expectation 
of  good  results,  and  "night  soil,"  mixed  with  dry  soil,  or 
sand,  and  well  composted  is  excellent.  Well-rotted  leaves  are 
fair,  but  too  light  except  for  heavy  soils.  Commercial  fer- 
tilizers, such  as  ground  bone  or  guano,  may  be  used  with 
advantage  if  handled  with  discretion.  A  rule  to  remember  is 
never  to  let  any  "green"  or  "raw"  manure  come  close  to  the 
roots  of  your  roses,  but  see  that  it  is  buried  well  beneath  the 
root  reach,  or  applied  as  a  top-dressing.  After  your  roses 
have  been  planted,  the  best  time  to  apply  manures  is  just 
as  the  ground  begins  to  freeze  in  the  autumn.  Let  it  serve  as 
a  protection  over  winter,  and  dig  it  in  next  spring,  being  care- 
ful, however,  not  to  disturb  the  roots. 

Far  better  than  surface-coating  is  the  ample  supply  of 
fertilizer  placed  well  under  the  roots  in  the  bottom  of  your 
beds,  before  you  plant  your  roses,  because  roots  travel 
toward  their  food-supply.  By  thus  enticing  them  downward, 
you  develop  a  strong,  deep  root-growth  down  into  the 
reservoir  of  stored-up  food  and  moisture,  so  that,  when  dry 
weather  comes,  they  will  not  hunger  and  thirst,  as  they  would 
with  only  surface  roots.  Surface  application  of  manure-water 
is  quite  a  different  matter,  as  that  will  percolate  down  to  the 
deepest  roots. 

It  is  said  that  roses  draw  most  upon  the  soil  when  bloom- 
ing, and  we  find  you  can  almost  see  the  results  from  applica- 
tion (when  the  flower-buds  begin  swelling)  of  liquid  manure, 


THE  PROPER  FOOD  FOR  ROSES 


Nearly  every  child  is  fond  of  flowers 

concocted  by  catching  the  drain  from  the  manure-pile,  or 
one-third  of  a  bushel  of  manure  in  a  bag  and  soaked  in  a 
barrel  of  water.  Apply  this  as  a  weak  tea,  not  too  strong,  but 
frequently,  say  twice  a  week.  When  it  is  more  convenient, 
a  sprinkling  of  bone-dust  on  the  surface  before  a  rain  will 
answer  the  same  purpose.  Even  with  the  best  care,  it  may 
prove  necessary  in  some  locations,  say  after  six  or  eight  years, 
to  renew  the  roses  or  move  the  bed,  adopting  the  farmer's 
principle  of  rotation  of  crops. 

When  to  Plant 

Tell  us  where  you  would  grow  roses,  and  we  will  tell  you 
when  to  plant  them.  The  most  carefully  laid  down  dates  for 
New  York  State  are  "null  and  void"  in  New  Orleans.  Proper 
planting-time  in  the  same  state  may  vary  according  to  differ- 


i8 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


ences  in  altitude  and  latitude.   Where  the  winters  are  not  too 
severe,  as  in  our  Gulf  and  Pacific  Coast   States,  and  the 

next  tier  of  states  north, 
autumn-planting  is  to 
be  preferred. 

North  of  the  line  of 
the  Ohio  River,  only 
our  hardier  varieties, 
such,  for  example,  as  the 
Hardy  Climbers  and 
Hybrid  Perpetuals,  Ru- 
gosas,  Moss  and  Pernet- 
ianas,  will  withstand  the  first  winter  out,  if  autumn-planted. 
As  a  matter  of  general  practice,  there  are,  doubtless, 
ten  times  as  many  roses  planted  in  spring  as  in  autumn. 
For  the  latitude  of  Philadelphia,  dormant  roses  should  be 
planted  as  soon  in  spring  as  the  soil  is  dry  enough  to 
crumble  in  the  hand,  and  plantings  may  continue  till  mid- 
April.  Growing  roses  from  pots  should  not  be  set  out  until 
danger  from  frost  is  past,  usually  the  last  week  in  April.  If 
you  live  north  of  40  degrees  latitude,  defer  planting  from  this 
date  by  one  week  for  every  hundred  miles.  Do  not  attempt 
any  planting  operations  with  the  ground  frozen,  or  the  ther- 
mometer below  45  degrees  Fahr.  Roses  from  pots,  when 
shipped  with  soil  on  the  roots,  may  be  planted  at  any  time 
through  the  growing  season,  even  through  the  summer. 

Treatment  on  Arrival 

Think  of  your  roses  as  living  creatures,  even  though  they 
be  asleep  (dormant)  when  you  first  get  them.  Unwrap  them 
with  the  greatest  care;  never  expose  the  roots  to  the  drying 
action  of  the  spring  winds  for  a  moment.  A  plant  with  bare 
roots  exposed  to  the  dry  air  is  like  a  fish  out  of  water.  Untie 
the  bundles  so  as  not  to  break,  bark  or  bruise  either  root  or 
branch.  Should  the  plants,  through  delay  in  transit,  come 
dried  out,  as  occasionally  happens,  soak  the  balls  of  earth 
and  roots  in  water;  if  the  stems  also  have  dried  out,  bury 
the  whole  plant  in  damp  earth  for  three  or  four  days  till  the 


TREATMENT  ON  ARRIVAL 


When  this  little  girl  grows  up  and  has  a  garden  of  her  own,  she  too 
will  know  how  to  grow  fine  roses. 

shriveled  branches  regain  their  natural  plumpness.  If  you 
cannot  plant  the  roses  when  they  arrive,  "heel  them  in"  in 
the  garden  until  you  are  ready  to  plant  them.  This  is  done 
by  digging  a  trench  deep  enough  thoroughly  to  cover  all 
roots  and  even  lower  branches  of  each  bundle  of  roses.  It 
will  be  better  to  untie  the  bundles  so  that  the  roots  can  be 
more  thoroughly  covered.  Press  down  this  soil-cover  firmly. 


20 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Planting 

When  ready  to  plant,  remember  again  that  roots  must  be 
kept  from  the  wind.  Spring  winds  are  so  drying  that  fatal 
damage  may  occur  from  a  few  minutes  of  exposure.  The 
best  plan,  when  planting,  is  to  keep  the  roots  covered  with  a 
damp  piece  of  burlap,  or  of  other  packing- material. 

Next  make  the  holes  in  the  bed,  which  should  have  been 
prepared  as  shown  on  page  15,  and  make  them  large  enough 
to  accommodate  the  roots  in  a  natural  and  uncramped  posi- 
tion, neither  too  deep  nor  too  shallow  (see  illustration).  Do 
not  spread  the  roots  out  flat,  but  point  them  down,  slanting 
outward.  Use  care  to  keep  the  roots  from  direct  contact 
with  the  manure,  lest  the  roses  get  indigestion.  It  is  a  good 
plan  to  dip  the  roots,  before  planting,  in  a  thin  mud  made 
by  mixing  loam  or  clay  with  water.  Settle  well-pulverized 
soil  in  around  the  roots,  so  as  to  fill  up  every  air-space,  and 
so  that  every  single  root  shall  be  entirely  encased  in  soil. 
When  the  hole  is  half-filled,  and  roots  covered,  press  the 
soil  down  firmly  with  the  hands ;  then  fill  the  hole  with  water, 
and  let  it  drain  away;  fill  in  level  with  soil,  and  tamp  it  care- 
fully but  securely;  then  give  a  final  covering  of  soil,  which 
should  be  about  level  with  the  surrounding  turf,  but  not 
high  enough  to  let  the  water  run  away  when  it  rains.  Also 
protect  from  the  bright  sunshine  for  a  few  days. 


Too  deep 


Too  shallow,  and      Just  right       Right,  and  banked 
set  wrong  for  winter 


For  splendor,  beauty  and  impressiveness  the  red  Rose  stands 
preeminent,  and  among  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals  the  J.  B.  CLARK, 
shown  above,  is  a  variety  with  real  merit. 

Among  the  more  recent  introductions  in  this  class  should  also 
be  mentioned  Hugh  Dickson,  Barbarossa,  George  Dickson  and 
Gloire  de  Chedane  Guinoisseau. 

Can  you  imagine  any  flower  more  exquisitely  appropriate,  either 
worn  singly  or  in  display  for  the  most  important  occasions,  than  a 
freshly  opened  bloom  like  the  above? 

Important  celebrations  and  state  occasions  are  coming  more  and 
more  to  depend  upon  the  Rose  for  its  decorative  value,  satisfying 
the  mind  and  heart,  as  well  as  the  eyes,  of  all  observers. 


22  HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

Staking  the  Roses 

Standard  or  Tree  roses,  unless  extraordinarily  sturdy  and 
planted  where  they  are  protected  from  the  winds,  will  be  the 
better  for  staking.  The  stake  should  come  well  up  to  the 
head  of  the  roses.  Place  it  while  planting,  for  if  it  is  driven 
later  it  may  injure  an  important  root.  Bush  roses  seldom 
need  staking  when  planted,  although  this  is  a  matter  for  atten- 
tion according  to  the  needs  of  individual  varieties.  Plants 
should  never  be  permitted  to  sway  about  or  become  loose  at 
the  collar.  If  the  sun  be  warm  within  the  next  day  or  two 
after  you  plant,  the  bush  will  be  the  better  for  being  shaded, 
-as  well  as  for  mulch  about  the  roots. 

Labeling 

Rose-growing  with  labels  is  by  far  the  most  delightful 
kind.  You  lose  half  the  pleasure  if  you  lose  the  names,  to 
say  nothing  about  the  satisfaction  of  accumulating  infor- 
mation. The  importance  of  labeling  is  really  great.  Do  it 
when  you  plant  as  a  part  of  the  operation;  otherwise,  it  is 
likely  to  be  overlooked.  The  growers'  labels  are  not  likely  to 
last  more  than  one  season,  and  then  it  becomes  dreadfully 
embarrassing  not  to  know  what  to  call  your  plant-children, 
whether  you  want  to  scold  or  caress  them.  Choose  the  label 
with  fewest  faults. 

Copper  Labels 

These  are  made  of  light  sheet  copper,  eyeleted  and  ., 
wired  ready  to  use  as  soon  as  the  name  of  the  plant 
is  inscribed.  The  copper  labels  are  very  light,  and 
are  therefore  most  suitable  for  hanging  on  the 
branches  of  your  roses  in  a  conspicuous  place,  not 
to  be  disturbed  until  you  begin  your  pruning. 
Then,  if  necessary,  remove  them  to  some  other  part 
of  the  plant  not  in  danger  from  your  shears.  But 
any  type  of  label  that  must  be  wired  on  the  bush 
may  constrict  and  check  the  life  of  the  stem  or 
branch  on  which  it  hangs.  Therefore,  a  better  way  IJLJ 


LABELING  23 


to  use  these  copper  labels  is  to  suspend  them  on 
a  stout  wire  stake  alongside  the  plant,  so  that  no 
removing  will  be  necessary  unless  the  rose  is  being 
transplanted  to  some  other  part  of  your  garden, 
when,  of  course,  the  label  should  go  along  with  it.    This 
shape  of  label  is  now  available  in  celluloid  faced  with 
perfectly  transparent  mica.    See  right-hand  cut  at  bot- 
tom of  page  22. 

Stake  Labels 

Many  of  the  stake  labels  are  good,  but  if  low  are 
apt  to  become  spattered  with  mud. 

The  garden  clubs  are  often  good  guides  in  such 
matters.  The  Lake  Forest  Club  members  prefer  this  one 
It  cannot  damage  the  plant  or  be  in  the  way  when 
pruning.  It  is  high  enough  above  ground  to  escape  the  mud- 
splash  and  likewise  may  be  read  without  stooping.  Another 
commendable  quality,  is  its  unobtrusiveness.  We  call  it  the 
"garden-club  label."  It  is  a  sheet-metal  tag  suspended  from 
the  goose-neck  top  of  a  No.  9  galvanized  iron  wire  15 
inches  long,  to  be  placed  upright  in  the  ground.  The  plant- 
name  may  be  written  on  it  with  an  ordinary  steel  pen,  using 
indelible  ink  made  by  dissolving  a  copper  cent  in  sulphuric 
acid  diluted  with  five  parts  of  water.  Or,  if  preferred,  paint 
the  label  and  stake  green  and  the  letters  in  white. 

The  Mann  Plant-Label 

Another  zinc  label  that  has  proved  most  satisfac- 
tory for  labeling  hardy  climbing  roses  and  shrubs  is 
the  Mann  plant-label.  The  accompanying  illustration 
shows  how  this  label  is  made,  and  the  head  for  the 
writing  is  bent  at  the  proper  angle  so  the  legend  can  be 
read  easily.  The  stem  is  shaped  so  it  takes  firm  hold 
of  the  soil,  will  not  heave  by  action  of  frost,  or  rot  as 
wooden  labels  will,  nor  is  it  easily  dislodged  by  rakes 
or  animals.  If  accidentally  stepped  on,  it  will  bend 
W  but  not  break.  Writing  is  permanent  (see  formula 


24  HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

for  ink,  page  23)  so  that  names  and  dates  are  not  lost  by 
rust  or  peeling,  as  on  iron  labels;  and,  if  by  chance  the  name 
has  to  be  erased,  this  can  be  done  with  emery  cloth.  Only 
one  size  is  made,  viz.,  p>£  inches  in  length,  by  3^  inches  in 
width  at  the  top. 

The  Simplex  Label 

The  Simplex  labels  have  recently  been  greatly  improved. 
You  should  know  them.  Placed  securely  on  the  top  of  a 
suitable  metal  stake,  1 6  inches  long,  is  a  i  y£-  by  23/^-inch  metal 
frame,  with  solid  back,  tilted  at  an  angle  of  about  45 
degrees,  whose  legend  is  easily  read  and  weather- 
proof. In  this  frame  is  a  slightly  roughened  celluloid 
card  on  which  to  write  the  name,  date,  etc.,  with  a  pencil, 
and  over  this,  for  protection,  is  slipped  in  a  clear  smooth 
piece  of  mica.  They  are  too  new  to  have  been  tried 
thoroughly,  but  we  predict  wide  use  for  them.  They  are 
painted  neutral  green,  and  in  every  respect  seem,  to  the 
writer,  calculated  to  meet  the  tastes  and  requirements 
of  the  most  exacting.  The  objection  which  some  people 
have  for  labels  is  that  they  are  so  unsightly  and  spoil 
the  appearance  of  the  rose-beds,  but  the  wire-staked 
green  ones  are  most  unobtrusive.  The  most  elite  rose- 
labels  we  have  ever  found  were  those  used  by  M.  Graver- 
eaux,  where,  on  top  of  metal  stakes  were  screwed  flat,  oval 
name-plates  of  porcelain,  with  the  names  burned  in. 

Platting 

But  the  "best  laid"  labels  sometimes  go  wrong,  and  in 
some  unexplainable  fashion  do  get  lost;  therefore,  to  be 
entirely  protected,  you  can  take  out  label  insurance.  Some 
people  think  this  is  more  important  than  labeling.  Draw  a 
diagram  of  your  bed,  and  then  with  letters  or  numbers 
indicate  on  it  the  location  of  each  rose.  With  this  make  out 
and  keep  a  key-list  of  roses  lettered  or  numbered  to  corre- 
spond with  those  on  the  diagram.  We  venture  to  predict 
that  such  a  list  will  prove  its  value  before  the  end  of  the 
second  year. 


CONSERVING  THE  MOISTURE 


25 


Mulching 

There  is  a  double  object  in  this:  First,  to  retain  the  mois- 
ture; and,  second,  better  to  preserve  a  suitable  temperature 
in  the  soil.  What  is  called  a  "dust-mulch,"  maintained  by 
frequent  hoeing,  is,  perhaps,  the  best  method,  although, 
where  the  summers  are  warm,  a  covering  in  early  July  of 
long  "strawy"  cow-  or  horse-stable  manure  that  will  not 
heat,  will  accomplish  the  same  object.  The  illustrious  ama- 
teur rose-grower,  George  C.  Thomas,  Jr.,  of  Chestnut  Hill, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  keeps  the  surface  of  the  soil  in  his  beds 
about  2  or  4  inches  below  the  boundary  turf,  and  then  he 
fills  the  beds  level  full  with  peat-moss,  which  acts  not  only 
as  a  mulch,  but  effectually  stops  weed-growth.  This  we  look 
upon  as  even  better  than  a  manure-mulch,  because  the 
latter  may  encourage  root-growth  nearer  the  surface  than 
is  desirable.  We  have  also  tried  sawdust  for  covering  the 
beds  in  summer.  It  certainly  prevented  need  for  weeding 
and  otherwise  seemed  beneficial. 


>s  where  everyone  may  enjoy  them 


26 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Roses  in  the  outdoor  living-room 

Protecting  the  Roses 

From  Frost 

W.  C.  Egan,  the  eminent  horticulturist  of  northern 
Illinois,  succeeds  admirably  in  keeping  his  roses  over  winter, 
as  also  does  Mr.  Orpet,  Superintendent  for  Mr.  McCormick; 
and  yet,  north  of  Chicago,  where  they  live,  the  severe 
winters  and  the  cold  winds  blowing  over  Lake  Michigan, 
often  kill  the  Wichuraianas  and  Rambler  roses  to  within  a  foot 
of  the  ground,  when  not  protected.  An  eminent  judge,  living 
north  of  Detroit,  by  the  work  of  his  own  hands,  protects  his 
Hybrid  Teas  so  that  they  triumphantly  weather  zero  winters. 
On  the  famous  shore-front  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  we 
found  the  tender  Gloire  de  Dijon  rose,  which  we  had  sup- 
posed could  not  be  grown  north  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  green 
and  thrifty  to  the  second  story,  after  a  most  severe  winter 
season.  But  the  protection  had  been  very  thorough. 


WINTER -PROTECTION 27 

Obviously,  there  is  no  danger  where  there  is  no  frost. 
Where  the  thermometer  falls  below  freezing,  the  less  hardy 
varieties  should  be  partly  covered,  and  all  roses  will  be  the 
better  for  some  protection,  at  least  about  the  roots.  If  you 
are  visited  with  zero  weather,  let  "preparedness"  be  your 
rule.  To  begin  with,  bank  up  the  soil  cone-shaped,  with  the 
apex  6  to  10  inches  high  around  the  stem  of  each  bush. 
Ashes  are  sometimes  used,  but  nothing  we  know  of  is  better 
than  soil.  In  very  cold  countries,  the  roses  may  be  lifted 
entirely  and  buried  in  trenches  for  the  winter,  and  they  will 
come  out  in  fine  shape  for  replanting  in  spring.  After  you 
have  drawn  the  soil  nicely  around  them  (see  calendar),  leave 
them  alone  till  the  ground  is  frozen  with  a  crust  hard  enough 
to  bear  the  weight  of  a  stone-laden  wheel-barrow.  By  this 
time  the  moles  or  mice,  or  other  creatures,  will  have  secured 
their  winter  abode  elsewhere,  and  not  be  tempted  to  make 
nests  in  the  protecting  material  you  will  next  apply.  Now 
do  not  smother  your  roses,  or  they  may  die.  Cover  them 
thoroughly,  as  high  up  as  you  attempt  to  protect  them,  but 
always  allow  for  the  circulation  of  air.  A  3-  or  4-inch 
blanket  of  good,  heavy  stable-manure  will  keep  out  much 
cold.  Over  this  fill  up  from  the  bottom  of  the  bed  to  a  depth 
of  i  o  or  12  inches  with  nice,  dry  leaves,  and  with  some  light 
material  on  top  to  keep  them  in  place.  A  1 2-inch  fence 
of  poultry-wire  staked  round  the  bed  will  help  keep  the 
leaves  in  place.  The  boughs  of  fir  or  pine  trees,  hay,  straw,  or 
cornfodder,  or  other  material  that  will  break  the  force  of 
cold,  biting  winds,  will  serve  in  place  of  leaves,  and  where 
most  careful  protection  is  required,  boards  may  be  arranged 
roof-fashioned  to  turn  off  the  rains.  This  will  also  protect 
your  roses  from  exposure  to  direct  sunshine  when  nights  are 
freezing-cold,  and  avoid  alternate  thawing  and  freezing, 
which  is  dangerous,  and  in  early  spring  prevent  the  premature 
excitation  of  plant-growth  and  tender  buds.  For  this  reason, 
too,  remove  protection  in  spring  gradually,  and  not  all  at 
one  time  (see  calendar). 

A  method  that  has  proved  successful  in  one  of  the  coldest 
sections  of  the  United  States  is  thus  vividly  described: 


28 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Minneapolis  Municipal  Rose-garden 

".  .  .  Our  principal  problem  would  be  to  provide  proper 
winter-protection.  We  took  special  pains  to  ripen  the  wood. 
We  stopped  watering  and  cultivation  in  September,  and  dis- 
couraged late  growth.  The  last  week  in  October  we  gave  the 
beds  a  very  thorough  soaking,  and  a  few  days  after  we  tied 
the  shoots  close  together,  and  piled  the  soil  around  the  plants 
as  high  as  we  could  with  material  taken  from  between  the 
plants,  so  covering  from  four  to  six  of  the  lower  eyes.  The 
garden  was  then  left  in  this  condition  until  there  were  3 
or  4  inches  of  frost  in  the  ground.  We  then  filled  in  with 
dry  leaves,  gathered  from  the  nearby  woods.  The  leaves  were 
thrown  in  loose  and  not  packed  down,  and  covered  the  beds  to 
the  height  of  the  soil  heaped  around  the  plant.  We  then 
boarded  in  the  long  sides  of  the  beds  2  feet  high,  and  boarded 
over  the  top  of  the  bed,  but  left  the  two  ends  open.  Over 
this  board  cover  we  spread  a  layer  of  bedding,  straw  and  hay. 


PROTECTING  THE  ROSES 29 

"It  will  be  seen  by  the  method  of  winter-protection  herein 
described  that  our  aim  was  to  prevent,  if  possible,  thawing 
after  frost  had  set  in;  to  protect  the  plants  from  the  drying 
effects  of  the  strong  winds,  without  preventing  the  free  cir- 
culation of  air.  We  have  employed  the  same  method  of  pro- 
tection ever  since,  and  generally  we  have  been  successful  in 
bringing  the  plants  through  winter  in  very  good  condition." 
(Article,  "The  Minneapolis  Municipal  Rose-garden  in 
Lyndale  Park,"  by  Theodore  Wirth,  in  "The  American  Rose 
Annual,"  1916,  pages  79,  80.) 

Protecting  Tree  roses  over  winter  is  most  important. 
Set  up  a  box  about  2  feet  square,  and  high  enough  from 
the  ground  to  encase  the  head,  and  fill  this  with  soil  to  cover 
all  but  the  topmost  branches.  No  part  needs  protection 
more  than  the  point  where  stock  and  branches  join.  Another 
method  is  to  loosen  the  earth  on  two  sides  of  the  plants 
so  they  may  easily  be  bent  over  without  breaking  anything 
and  then,  when  staked  to  the  ground,  cover  with  6,  8  or  more 
inches  of  earth  till  danger  of  frost  is  past  in  spring,  when 
they  may  again  be  reinstated  and  restaked.  In  some  loca- 
tions it  may  prove  quite  as  convenient,  and  equally  effec- 
tive, to  take  up  the  plants  entire,  and  bury  them  in  a  trench 
in  the  vegetable  garden. 

Protecting  Roses  from  Enemies 

Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  perfect  flowers,  because 
"prevention  is  better  than  cure."  Vigorous,  healthy  plants 
are  seldom  troubled  much. 

The  two  golden  rules  to  remember,  says  Mr.  Edward 
Mawley,  Secretary  of  the  National  Rose  Society  of  England, 
are  these:  "Keep  sharp  watch  out  for  the  first  appearance  of 
insect  or  fungoid  pests  and  adopt  measures  for  destruction 
at  once.  Then  persevere  with  the  remedy  adopted  until  a 
cure  has  been  effected." 

Our  Lady  Rosa  likes  cleanliness  above  all  things,  and  will 
respond  generously  to  these  attentions.  Keep  your  roses 
clean  and  healthy  and  they  are  almost  certain  to  be  happy. 


30 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

Insects 

Probably  our  worst  enemy  to  roses  is  the  ROSE  CHAFER 
("Rose  Bug"),  which  is  particularly  severe  on  sandy  soils. 
For  this,  handpicking  into  a  vessel  of  kerosene  is  effective,  or 
a  half  pound  of  arsenate  of  lead  in  twelve  gallons  of  water, 
or  bordeaux  mixture  (one  ounce  to  one  and  a  half  gallons 
of  water).  Spray  on  every  two  weeks  through  June  and 
July  as  a  preventive.  This  is  also  a  good  remedy  for  the 
ROSE-SLUG,  which  skeletonizes  the  leaves.  It  works  from 
the  under  side  of  the  foliage  so  when  going  after  it,  turn  the 
foliage  down  side  up  and  spray  it  thoroughly. 

APHIDES,  or  GREEN  FLIES,  attack  the  plants  during  May 
and  June,  and,  if  not  dispatched,  they  multiply  rapidly,  and 
suck  the  life-blood  from  the  leaves.  A  vigorous  spraying  of 
Thompson's  rose  nicotine  or  whale-oil  soap  will  settle  them. 
SCALE  seldom  bothers  any  except  old,  neglected  shrub  roses. 
Use  scalecide  or  lime-sulphur  wash. 

Diseases 

Of  the  fungous  diseases,  POWDERY  MILDEW  is  by  far  the 
worst  and  most  difficult  to  overcome.  It  will  be  recognized 
as  a  white  mold  appearing  on  the  foliage,  which,  if  not 
checked,  will  spread. 

This  is  most  likely  to  occur  in  warm,  damp  weather,  and 
certain  varieties,  such  as  Crimson  Ramblers,  are  more  sub- 
ject to  its  attacks.  Bordeaux  mixture,  applied  at  fortnightly 
intervals,  is  a  good  preventive  (see  formula  above).  As  a 
cure,  flowers  of  sulphur  dusted  on  the  foliage  is  recom- 
mended, also  "grape  dust."  For  BLACK-SPOT,  RUST,  and 
other  fungous  diseases,  follow  the  same  course.  Also 
promptly  remove  and  burn  foliage  thus  affected. 

BUD-ROT.  Outer  petals  turn  brown  and  buds  fail  to 
open.  No  satisfactory  remedy  is  known. 

The  beginner  need  not  be  dismayed  at  the  above  array  of 
troubles  that  may  happen;  if  they  do,  these  hints  are  offered 
as  a  "first  aid  to  the  injured."  As  a  matter  of  fact,  not  all  the 
above  pests  are  likely  to  appear  in  the  same  garden.  It  is 
not  so  complicated  or  difficult  as  might  appear. 


PRUNING   INFORMATION 


Pruning 

If  you  have  bought  two-  or  three-year-old  plants,  cut 
them  back  rather  severely  at  the  time  of  planting — to  three 
or  four  buds  on  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals  and  about  six  on 
the  Teas  and  Hybrid  Teas.  Always  cut  the  stem  just  above  a 
bud  that  points  out,  never  above  one  that  points  toward  the 
center  of  the  plants.  The  term  bud  or  eye  is  used  to  define 
the  places  on  the  stem  where  leaves  will  be  produced.  They 
are  easily  distinguished,  as  they  look  like  small,  pointed 
warts  on  the  stems.  If  the  plants  are  in  leaf  when  planted, 
the  above  does  not  apply.  The  crop  of  flowers  on  the  rose 
plants  is  largely  governed  by  the  kind  of  pruning  the  plants 
receive.  In  fact,  other  conditions  being  ideal,  the  pruning 
determines  the  quantity  and  the  size  of  the  flowers. 

The  Hybrid  Perpetuals  and  most  other  hardy  roses 
should  be  pruned  in  March;  if  weather  permits,  by  the 


Method  of  pruning  Hybrid  Teas  for  garden  display 
(As  recommended  by  the  N.  R.   S.  of  England) 

middle  of  the  month.  The  tender  roses,  the  Teas  and 
Hybrids  Teas,  need  not  be  pruned  until  along  in  April,  when 
the  sap  begins  to  flow  and  the  buds  begin  to  swell;  for,  at  this 
time,  dead  and  weak  wood  may  be  much  more  easily  dis- 
tinguished and  cut  out  than  earlier  in  the  season.  Besides,  it 
is  an  advantage  to  leave  the  mulch  undisturbed  until  settled 
weather  has  arrived.  At  the  time  of  pruning,  one  must 


. 


V 


The  PERLE  DES  JARDINS  is  a  standard  Tea  Rose  of  rich 
golden  yellow  color  and  fine  form;  it  blooms  freely  on  strong  stems. 
Other  newer  Roses  of  related  color  and  great  merit  are  Lady 
Hillingdon,  Sunburst  and  Miss  Alice  de  Rothschild. 


PRUNING  INFORMATION 


33 


decide  upon  the  kind  of  crop  wanted.  If  the  very  biggest  and 
best  flowers  are  wanted,  then  severe  pruning  is  necessary 
(see  i ,  page  34) ;  if  a  large  crop  of  average  flowers,  then  only 
moderate  pruning  (see  2,  page  34) ;  but,  where  a  quantity  of 
bloom  is  preferred,  only  a  little  pruning  is  necessary  (see  3, 
page  34). 

When  pruning  Hybrid  Perpetuals,  first  cut  out  the  weak 
wood  and  any  branches  that  cross;  then  cut  back  the  strong 
canes  to  about  six  eyes,  the  top  one  point- 
ing out,  and  the  cut  being  made  one-quarter 
of  an  inch  above  the  bud.  If  you  want 
only  a  few  big  flowers,  cut  back  to  only 
three  or  four  buds.  For  the  big  outdoor 
display,  leave  four  to  seven  canes  two- 
thirds  their  growth.  The  Teas  and  Hybrid 
Teas  will  need  the  same  attention,  but 
there  should  be  as  much  or  more  wood  left. 
In  case  the  winter  may  have  killed  the  canes, 
cut  back  to  live  wood,  even  if  down  to  the 
surface  of  the  soil. 

These  rules  are  modified  somewhat  by 
the  character  of  the  plant.  The  weaker- 
growing  varieties  can  be  cut  back  farther 
than  strong-growing  sorts.  The  strong- 
growing  kinds,  if  cut  back  too  heavily,  will 
run  to  wood,  and  in  the  case  of  some — 
Gloire  Lyonnaise,  for  instance — too  heavy 
pruning  may  kill  the  plant. 

The  Bourbon  roses  need  but  little  pruning.  Cut  back  the 
stems  a  few  inches.  This  is  also  true  of  the  Austrian  Briar 
roses,  of  the  Wichuraianas  and  the  Ramblers,  which  should  not 
be  pruned  much  in  autumn  or  spring,  but  just  after  the 
flowering  season,  to  produce  wood  for  next  season's  bloom. 

Climbing  and  Pillar  roses  need  be  cut  back  but  one- 
third  to  one-fifth,  and  on  old  well-established  plants,  the  old, 
enfeebled  wood  should  also  be  taken  out. 

The  base  of  the  branches  may  be  prevented  from  becom- 
ing bare.  In  straight  branches,  the  sap  goes  to  the  top,  leaving 


Showing  where  to 
prune 


34 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


little  for  the  buds  at  the  base.  Train  the  branches  up  crooked 
by  putting  sharp  bends  in  the  stems  within  2  feet  of  the  ground, 
and  foliage  will  be  produced  the  whole  length  of  the  stem. 
To  get  a  second  crop  of  flowers  in  autumn,  cut  8  to  10  inches 
of  wood  with  the  flowers.  Several  Hybrid  Perpetuals  will 
also  bloom  in  autumn  with  this  treatment.  (See  below,  and 

also  the  list  of  158  roses  on  pages 
43  to  62.) 

In  autumn  extra-long  canes  will 
need  to  be  cut  back  a  little,  and 
perhaps  tied  to  a  stake  or  support, 
to  prevent  swaying  and  the  con- 
sequent damage  to  the  roots. 

How  to  Use  This   Pruning 
Information 

Refer  to  pages  43  to  62  for  va- 
,JM.   rieties  on  which  information  is  de- 
sired.   Opposite  each  name  will  be 
The  way  to  prune  and  thin      found  abbreviated   directions   for 

out  climbing  roses  •  TTT  .  T  .  T 

pruning.       Illustrations     herewith 

will  further  explain  the  instructions.  The  key  to  these  di- 
rections is  fully  explained  on  this  and  the  succeeding  page. 

1.  HARD.   Thin  out  to  the  base  all  but  from  three  to  five 
shoots,  and  cut  these  back  so  as  to  leave  two  or  three  eyes 
on  each  shoot. 

2.  MODERATELY  HARD.    Thin  out  as  No.  i,  and  cut  each 
shoot  back  to  about  five  to  ten  eyes. 

3.  MEDIUM.  Thin  out  as  No.  i;  leave  four  to  seven  shoots; 
shorten  these  shoots  to  about  half  their  length. 

4.  SPARINGLY.    Thin  out  as  No.  i;  leave  four  to  seven 
shoots,  which  should  be  merely  tipped. 

5.  THIN.   No  pruning  required;  thin  out  annually. 

6.  NONE.    No  pruning  required;  thin  out  every  two  or 
three  years,  just  to  keep  the  plant  within  bounds. 

7.  Climbing,  Pillar,  and  all  other  roses  that  are  marked  7 
can   be  improved   by  thinning,  when   one  or  more  of  the 


PRUNING   INFORMATION 


35 


stems  show  plainly  that  they  are  old  and  past  doing  good  ser- 
vice. This  should  not  be  necessary  oftener  than  every  three 
years.  Kinds  marked  +  are  more  likely  to  need  it  than 
kinds  marked  — .  The  needs  of  such  roses  as  Mrs.  Peary, 
Marechal  Niel,  etc.,  are  not  covered  by  any  of  the  notes, 
where  the  climate  is  warm  enough  not  to  kill  back  the  main 
stems.  In  this  case,  the  branches  should  be  trimmed  so  as 
to  leave  from  two  to  ten  eyes. 

Ex.  Method  to  use  to  produce  exhibition  specimens  or 
large  flowers. 

Q.  Method  to  use  to  produce  showy  bushes  or  a  quantity 
of  flowers. 

"NOTE  i. — Pruning,  therefore,  is  the  art  of  improving  the  produc- 
tive power,  and  the  appearance  of  the  plant.  It  consists  of  two  distinct 
operations:  (i)  The  removal  of  dead,  weak,  overcrowded,  or  otherwise 
useless  shoots.  Unripe  wood  which  in  the  spring  will  usually  be  found 
to  have  discolored  pith,  caused  by  the  winter  frosts,  should  be  cut 
clean  away  at  the  base  of  the  shoot.  (2)  Pruning  proper,  the  shorten- 
ing of  those  shoots  which  are  allowed  to  remain  after 
the  thinning-out  process  has  been  completed. 

'The  most  frequent  errors  made   in    pruning  are 
(i)  leaving  too  many  shoots  when  thinning  out;    (2) 
pruning  severely  the  shoots  of  varieties  which  require 
little,  if  any,  shortening  ;  (3)  pruning  lightly 
the  varieties  which  require  severe  pruning  ; 
(4)  leaving  rose  plants  crowded  with  shoots 
and  cutting  these  to  a  uniform  length  all 
way 
>ped. 

?In  thinning  out  a 
shoot,  it  should  be 
either  cut  clean  away 
to  the  base  of  the  plant, 
or  to  its  starting-point 
on  the  older  shoot  from 
which  it  springs,  as  the 
case  may  be.  When  the 
plant  has  been  pruned, 
the  shoots  should  be 
left  as  nearly  as  pos- 


over  the  plant  in  the  same  way  that  a  hedge 
is  clipj 

*  *Ti 


Pruning-shears  for  heavy  work 
2.   Flower-scissors  that  cut  and  hold  the  stem. 


sible  equidistant  from 
each  other,  and  regu- 
larly arranged  around 
it  so  that  it  presents  a 
well-balanced  appear- 
ance on  all  sides." — 
National  Rose  Society's 


3.  Flower-scissors  strong  and  convenient  for  light  work.    Hand-Book  on  Pruning. 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Own-Root,  and  Budded  or  Grafted  Roses 

Every  rose-grower  should  learn  the  difference.  In  a 
budded  or  grafted  rose,  the  top  of  a  good  flowering  variety 
has  been  joined  and  made  to  grow  onto  the 
root  of  a  "wild"  rose.  An  own-root  rose  never 
borrowed  roots.  It  stands  on  its  own  feet,  so 
that,  if  the  top  be  winter-killed,  the  new 
growth  from  the  root  will  bloom  true  as  at 
first.  Not  so  with  the  budded  or  grafted  rose. 
If  the  top  be  killed,  the  "wild"  root  is  worth- 
less; throw  it  out. 

As  a  general  rule,  for  application  over  a 
broad  area,  the  experience  of  many  people  in 
many  different  localities  indicates  a  preference 
for  own-root  roses  in  as  many  varieties  as  will 
make  satisfactory  and  vigorous  growth. 

Some  varieties,  however,  when  grown  on 
their  own  roots,  are  not  thrifty  and  vigorous. 
Such  kinds  should  be  obtained  in  plants  that 
have  been  budded  or  grafted  onto  roots  of  a 
stronger-growing  rose  in  order  to  obtain  the  desired  growth 
and  abundant  bloom.  Multiflora,  Canina,  Manetti,  and 
other  stocks  are  used  for  this  purpose.  When  planting  own- 
root  roses,  set  in  the  soil  a  trifle  deeper  than  the  stain  of  the 
soil  on  the  stem  indicates  it  grew  before.  When  planting 
budded  or  grafted  roses,  set  with  the  joint  or  union  of  top 
and  root  an  inch  below  the  surface  of  the  soil,  and  watch  for 
suckers.  If  there  appears  any  growth  originating  below  the 
union,  dig  away  the  soil  and  cut  it  off  close  up  to  the  stem; 

otherwise  it  may 
grow  up  and 
crowd  out  the 
flower-bearing 
part  of  the  plant. 
These  suckers 
usually  show  7 
The  process  of  |~  t  or  9  leaflets. 

budding 


A  budded  rose 
may  be  distin- 
guished from  the 
own-root  by  knot- 
formation  of  the 
former.  See  arrow. 


CHOOSING  THE  RIGHT  KINDS 


37 


Selecting  the  Roses 

This  is  a  vital  matter.  The  most  complete  and  authorita- 
tive list  of  roses  in  our  possession  shows  10,281  varieties.  The 
most  complete  collection  in  any  one  plantation  that  has  come 
under  our  observation  we  did  not  attempt  to  count.  It  is 
said  to  contain  about  six  thousand  varieties,  including  every 
known  species  and  every  variety  now  obtainable  in  the 
civilized  world.  (This  garden,  the  Roseraie  de  L'Hay,  will  be 
found  more  fully  described  on  page  98.) 

The  average  number  of  roses  actually  in  commerce  in  the 
different  countries  abroad  prior  to  August 
i,  1914,  was  approximately  one  thousand, 
while  a  half  of  that  is  the  average  number 


The  luxuriant   clusters   of  the   white-flowered  Dorothy   Perkins, 
example  of  the  Wichuraiana  family 


good 


38 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

offered  in  America  by  the  leading  rose  firms  whose  products 
can  be  relied  upon  as  true  to  name. 

When  we  recall  that  the  average  amateur  must  confine  his 
selection  to  a  much  smaller  number  even  than  this,  often  a 
choice  two  dozen  kinds,  the  paramount  importance  of  a 
proper  selection  is  quite  apparent. 

Dr.  Liberty  H.  Bailey,  formerly  of  Cornell  University, 
and  editor  of  that  standard  authority,  "Cyclopedia  of 
American  Horticulture,"  says:  "The  success  of  the  rose  in 
this  country  is  very  largely  a  question  of  the  selection  of 
adaptable  varieties." 

Pemberton,  in  his  excellent  work  on  roses,  says  to  be- 
ginners: "State  your  requirements  to  a  friend  who  is  an 
expert  and  leave  the  selection  to  him."  This  book  would  be  a 
"friend"  to  every  rose-grower, — how  "expert"  you  must 
judge  from  its  contents. 

America  is  a  big  country,  and  allowances  must  be  made 
for  differences  in  soil,  climate,  and  other  conditions.  Rules 
are  offered  for  use  and  application  by  the  reader  to  the 
conditions  that  obtain  in  his  or  her  locality.  If  there  arise 
conditions  not  herein  covered,  the  author  will  be  glad  from 
his  own  experience  to  assist  readers  in  solving  their  individual 
problems. 

Where  do  you  live?  The  answer  to  this  question  is  the 
first  key  to  the  selection  of  the  right  roses.  Some  varieties 
will  withstand  severely  cold  winters  from  which  other  varie- 
ties would  die.  Do  you  want  dwarf,  bedding,  pillar,  or  vigor- 
ous climbing  roses?  Would  you  prefer  a  great  show  for  a 
month  or  more  in  the  early  summer,  or  a  more  or  less  con- 
tinuous bloom  throughout  the  autumn  also?  These  various 
important  characteristics  will  be  mentioned  in  the  descrip- 
tions of  158  roses  on  pages  43  to  62.  The  following  expla- 
nations will  enable  you  more  fully  to  understand  the  terms 
used.  We  state  after  the  name  of  each  rose:  (i)  the  class  to 
which  it  belongs;  (2)  the  color  of  the  flower;  (3)  the  char- 
acter of  the  leaves,  when  it  is  particularly  worthy  of  men- 
tion; (4)  the  character  of  growth  (vigorous,  moderate,  etc.); 
(5)  the  purposes  for  which  best  suited;  (6)  the  way  to  prune 


SELECTING  THE   ROSES 


39 


Rosa   Wichuraiana    has    shiny 
green  foliage  nearly  all  the  year 

the  variety;  (7)  other  noteworthy  remarks.  We  have  endeav- 
ored to  avoid  all  exaggeration. 

After  the  name  of  the  variety,  the  class  to  which  it  belongs 
is  indicated  by  the  following  abbreviations: 


SECTION  I 
T.— Tea 
B. — Bourbon 
C. — China 
H.T.— Hybrid  Tea 
P. — Polyantha 
T.P.— Tea  Polyantha 

SECTION  II 


N. — Noisettes 

C.T. — Climbing  Tea 

C.H.T. — Climbing  Hybrid  Tea 

C.P. — Climbing  Polyantha 

C.T.P. — Climbing  Tea  Polyantha 

In  addition  to  158  leading  roses  listed  on  pages  43  to  62 
inclusive,  see  also  (pages  no  to  115)  a  list  of  the  important 
roses  in  each  class  named  above. 


SECTION  III 
A.B. — Austrian       Briar.       Per. — 

Pernetiana,  or  Hybrid  Austrian 

Briar 

D.— Damask 
H. P.— Hybrid  Perpetual 
M. — Moss 
Pr. — Provence 
R. — Rugosa  and  Hybrid  Rugosa 

SECTION  IV 
Mult. — Multiflora 
Bank. — Banksian 
CI.  M. — Climbing  Moss 
S.B. — Sweetbriars 
W. — Wichuraiana  and  hybrids 


SELECTING  THE  ROSES 41 

It  will  be  helpful  to  remember,  when  referring  to  the 
above  four  sections,  that  sections  III  and  IV  contain  the 
hardiest  roses.  Roses  in  these  classes  will  live  out  over 
winter  in  the  latitude  of  Philadelphia  without  protection, 
although  all  roses  in  this  and  colder  regions  will  be  the  better 
for  protection.  The  classes  in  sections  I  and  II  require  careful 
protection  in  a  climate  like  this,  especially  the  first  ones 
named  in  each  section,  which  are  better  suited  for  growing 
south  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  in  correspondingly  mild 
climates. 

As  to  bloom,  sections  I  and  II  will  bloom  more  or  less 
throughout  the  growing  season.  Sections  III  and  IV  are 
mostly  known  as  summer  bloomers,  and  are  iir  their  greatest 
glory  for  only  a  few  weeks  in  early  summer.  Some  of  the 
Hybrid  Perpetuals  and  Hybrid  Austrian  Briars  will  also 
make  an  autumn  showing. 

The  character  of  growth  is  indicated  upon  a  scale  arranged 
as  follows:  Weak,  moderate,  moderately  vigorous,  vigorous, 
very  vigorous;  "robust"  indicates  sturdy  and  bushy,  but 
short  growth.  Climbers  are  described  either  as  vigorous 
climbers,  suitable  for  low  pillar  or  trellis,  or  very  vigorous, 
suitable  for  archways,  pergolas,  or  high  trellis. 

Terms  Used  to  Describe  Appropriate  Uses 

(Also  key  to  descriptions  on  pages  43  to  62) 

GARDEN. — Recommended  for  general  lawn  or  garden 
cultivation. 

BEDDING,  i.  e.,  free-flowering  and  of  rather  compact 
growth — good  for  massing  in  beds,  either  several  of  a  kind 
or  with  other  bedding  roses. 

PILLAR. — Excellent  for  training  up  to  a  low  pillar,  stake, 
or  post. 

ARCH. — For  covering  an  archway. 

PERGOLA. — For  growing  over  a  pergola. 

WALL. — Suitable  for  training  up  the  face  of  a  wall  or 
side  of  a  building. 

CREEPING. — Good  for  covering  a  bank,  stumps,  rocks,  etc. 


42 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

TRELLIS. — Grows  well  on  a  trellis. 

BUSH. — Makes  a  good  bush  when  planted  alone  and 
allowed  to  develop. 

POT,  or  CUT-FLOWERS. — Those  that  have  particularly 
long  stems  and  other  qualities  that  make  them  peculiarly 
fitted  for  cutting.  Good  also  under  glass. 

BOUTONNIERE. — Well  formed  buds  and  not  so  large  but 
that  it  is  appropriate  for  a  buttonhole  or  corsage  bouquet. 

EDGING. — Makes  an  excellent  edging  to  a  rose-bed  or 
other  border. 

HEDGE. — Adapted  for  making  a  hedge,  either  all  one  kind 
or  with  others. 

TREE  or  STANDARD. — Kinds  that  do  well  in  tree  form,  as 
illustrated  on  page  — . 

Note  also  at  the  close  of  this  chapter  a  section  devoted  to 
the  best  roses  for  each  particular  purpose  in  your  garden. 
We  feel  that  entire  dependence  may  be  placed  upon  these 
recommendations  beginning  page  64,  based  upon  the  infor- 
mation gained  after  many  years'  correspondence  with  patrons 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

In  a  broader  way  the  reader  will  surely  find  great  interest 
in  cultivating  a  more  intimate  acquaintance  with  this  great 
rose  family.  Opportunity  for  further  study  of  this  subject 
is  offered  in  the  Analysis  of  Species  and  outline  of  different 
classes  beginning  on  pages  108  and  no. 

Following  these  sets  for  special  purposes,  and  beginning 
on  page  77,  will  be  found  recommendations  of  the  varieties 
that  eminent  amateurs,  or  professionals,  have  found  best 
adapted  to  each  of  eight  different  typical  sections  of  our 
country. 

But  comparatively  few  people  can  actually  plant  more 
than  a  small  proportion  of  any  such  extended  list,  and  there- 
fore we  list  on  the  pages  immediately  following  a  shorter 
list  of  the  leading  varieties  from  any  of  which  it  will  be 
entirely  safe  to  select.  The  reader  may  still  have  some 
failures,  but  they  will  serve  as  stepping  stones  of  knowledge 
surely  learned  on  which  to  build  greater  success. 


DEPENDABLE  VARIETIES 


43 


American  Pillar 
See  page  44 


A  Baby  Rambler 
See  page  44 


Anna  de  Diesbach 
See  page  44 


One  Hundred  Fifty-eight  Choice  Roses 

Loving  roses  as  we  do;  living  among  them  and  watching 
them  closely  and  constantly,  under  all  sorts  of  conditions; 
having  before  us  reports  upon  roses  from  every  country  on 
earth  to  which  our  roses  go,  and  knowing,  too,  the  prize- 
winners and  kinds  that  have  pleased  amateurs  here  and 
almost  everywhere;  watching  the  new  roses  as  they  "come 
out,"  testing  all  kinds  and  holding  fast  to  those  which  are 
good, — out  of  an  experience  like  that  has  come  our  choice  of 
these  158  roses.  See  abbreviations,  for  class,  growth,  pur- 
pose, and  pruning,  explained  on  pages  39  to  42. 

ALBERIC  BARRIER.  W.  Flowers  in  clusters,  double,  creamy  white 
with  canary-yellow  center;  fragrant.  Leaves  bronzy  red  in  spring  and 
glossy;  almost  evergreen,  and  not  liable  to  be  troubled  with  insects. 
Very  vigorous.  Pergola,  arch,  banks,  etc.  Prune  6,  7—. 

ALEXANDER  HILL  GRAY.  T.  Flowers  deep  lemon-yellow,  which 
intensifies  as  the  blooms  develop;  large,  of  deep  substance  and 
perfect  formation.  Gold  Medal,  N.  R.  S.  Garden,  bedding,  cut- 
flower.  Prune  4. 

ALISTER  STELLA  GRAY  (Golden  Rambler).  C.T.  Flowers  rich 
apricot-yellow,  changing  to  white  with  yellow  center;  delightfully 
fragrant  and  constant  in  bloom.  Moderately  vigorous.  Pillar, 
pergola,  arch,  trellis.  Needs  winter-protection.  Prune,  5,  7+. 

AMERICAN  BEAUTY,  CLIMBING.  W.  Flowers  deep  pink  to 
crimson;  fragrant.  Produces  hundreds  of  perfect  blooms  at  one 
time.  Very  vigorous.  Pergola,  arch,  porch,  etc.  Prune,  6,  7  — . 


44 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

AMERICAN  PILLAR.  Mult.  Flowers  chaste  pink;  single;  large,  3  to 
4  inches  across;  in  large  clusters.  Leaves  almost  evergreen.  Very 
vigorous.  Has  attractive,  brilliant  red  hips  in  autumn.  Pergolas, 
pillar,  etc.  Prune  6,  7.  (See  illustration  in  color,  on  title-page.) 

AMY  ROBSART.  S.B.  Flowers  deep  rose-pink,  beautifully^  tinted. 
Leaves  deliciously  scented.  Hedge,  pillar,  arch,  pergola.  Vigorous. 
Prune,  6,  7. 

ANNA  DE  DIESBACH.  H.P.  Flowers  rose;  fragrant;  profuse. 
Garden.  Prune  i  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q.  (See  illustration,  page  43.) 

ANNE  OF  GEIERSTEIN.    S.B.    Flowers  crimson.    Foliage  fragrant. 
.     Hedge,  pillar,  arch,  pergola.    Vigorous.    Prune,  6,  7. 

ANTOINE  RIVOIRE  (H.T).  Creamy  white  to  deeper  yellow  and 
peachy  pink  center.  Vigorous.  Garden  and  bedding.  Prune  3. 

ARTHUR  R.  GOODWIN.  H.T.  Buds  and  flowers  rich  coppery 
orange-red  which  shades  to  salmon-pink  as  the  flower  ages;  very 
lasting;  blooms  large  and  double.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune' 3. 

BABY  DOROTHY  (Maman  Levavasseur,  or  Pink  Baby  Rambler). 
P.  Flowers  bright  pink;  incessant  bloomer,  often  having  100  to  200 
blossoms.  Dwarf,  20  in.  Bedding,  edging.  Prune  .4.  (See  illustration 
in  color,  page  117.) 

BABY  RAMBLER,  RED  (Mme.  Norbert  Levavasseur).  P.  Bright  red; 
dwarf.  Bedding,  edging.  Prune  4. 

BEAUTE  DE  LYON.  Per.  Flowers  coral-red,  slightly  shaded  with 
yellow;  large  and  full.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  4. 

BEAUTY  OF  ROSEMAWR.  B.  Flowers  rich  carrnine-rose,  veined 
with  creamy  white.  Very  floriferous.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  4.  . 

BIRDIE  BLYE.  Mult.  Flowers  bright  satiny  rose.  Continual  bloomer. 
Grows  4  to  6  feet.  Pillar,  bush.  Prune  5. 

BLANC  DOUBLE  DE  COUBERT.  R.  Flowers  white,  double,  large 

and  showy.    Very  hardy.    Vigorous.    Hedge,  bush.    Prune,  5,  7  —  . 

BLANCHE  MQREAU,  M.  Flowers  pure  white;  large  and  full. 
Bedding.  Prune  3. 

BRILLIANT.  H.T.  Flowers  brilliant  scarlet.  Free  bloomer.  Garden, 
bedding.  Prune  2. 

BRIDESMAID.  T.  Flowers  rose-pink,  crimson-shaded;  full  and  fra- 
grant. Bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  4  for  Q.  (See  illus- 
tration in  color,  page  103.) 

CANDEUR  LYONNAISE.  H.P.  Flowers  pure  white,  sometimes 
tinted  with  very  pale  sulphur-yellow.  A  seedling  from  Frau  Karl 
Druschki.  Vigorous.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  i  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

CECILE  BRUNNER  (Sweetheart).  P.  Flowers  small  and  dainty, 
rosy  pink  on  rich  creamy  white  ground.  Very  floriferous  and  deli- 
ciously fragrant.  Garden,  bedding,  edging.  Prune  5. 


With  petals  fashioned  like  sea-shells,  tinted  and  toned  in  shades 
of  rose  and  pink,  superlatives  fail  in  describing  the  satisfactory  beauty 
of  KILLARNEY,  the  renowned  Hybrid  Tea  Rose. 

Fortunate  it  is  for  Rose-lovers  that  Mother  Nature  has  been  so 
generous  in  giving  us  so  many  members  in  the  Killarney  family, 
all  of  them  rare  beauties,  such  as  Killarney  Brilliant,  Killarney 
Queen  and  White  Killarney. 

For  open-ground  planting  under  different  conditions  of  climate, 
this  Killarney  Rose  family  may  be  depended  upon  to  repay  bounti- 
fully the  attention  and  care  which  all  Roses  should  receive. 


46 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


CHAMPION  OF  THE  WORLD  (Mrs.  De  Graw).  B.  Flowers  rich, 

rosy  pink;  large,  full  and  deliciously  sweet.    Free  bloomer.    Garden, 

bedding.    Prune  5. 
CHATEAU  DE  CLOS  VOUGEOT.    H.T.    Flowers  velvety  maroon, 

shaded  fiery  red,  very  dark.    Garden.    Prune  2.     (See  illustration, 
page  47.) 
CHRISTINE  WRIGHT.    W.    Flowers  clear  wild-rose-pink;  beautiful 

in  bud.     Foliage  large,  thick,  leathery.    Pillar,  arch,  arbor,  trellis. 

Prune,  6,  7* 
CLIO.    H.P.    Flowers  flesh-color,  shaded  pink;  large;  fine  form.    Very 

vigorous.    Garden.    A  very  choice  variety.    Prune  I  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

CONRAD  F.  MEYER.  R.  Flowers  clear  silvery  rose;  large,  per- 
fectly double,  elegantly  formed;  very  fragrant.  Garden,  bush,  or 
hedge.  Very  hardy.  Prune  6+. 

CONSTANCE.  Per.  Flowers  beautiful  cadmium-yellow  passing  to 
golden  yellow.  Bud  long,  orange-yellow  streaked  with  crimson. 
Foliage  glossy.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  5. 

CORONATION.  H.P.  Flowers  shading  from  flesh  to  bright  shrimp- 
pink;  immense  size.  Garden.  Prune  I  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

COUNTESS  CLANWILLIAM.  H.T.  Flowers  delicate  peach-pink 
at  the  base  of  the  petals,  which  are  flamed  and  heavily  edged  with 
deep  cherry-red.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 


t '.        ."!  mimji"  "'    _auuiu"     "      .  -...I    '"'  •  ••••  "        •-•  "   -oTi~  -  

An  all-summer  show  of  bloom.    An  example  of  what  Baby  Ramblers  will 

do  in  a  bed 


ROSES   FOR  AMERICAN  GARDENS       47 


Chateau  de  CIos  Vougeot  (see  p.  46) 


Duchess   of  Wellington 


CRESTED  MOSS.  M.  Flowers  choice  pink,  and  heavily  mossed.  A 
lovely  old  favorite.  Bedding.  Prune  3. 

DEVON  I  ENS  IS.  T.  Flowers  creamy  white  with  rosy  center.  Very 
full.  An  old-time  favorite.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

DR.  W.  VAN  FLEET.  W.  Flowers  rich  flesh-color.  Stems  18  inches 
long.  Choice.  Very  vigorous.  Pergola,  arch,  etc.  Prune  6,  7—. 

DOROTHY  PERKINS.  W.  Flowers  beautiful  shell-pink;  free- 
bloomer;  large  clusters.  Most  popular  rose  in  its  class  and  color, 
and  blooms  in  time  for  use  at  June  weddings.  Very  vigorous.  Arches, 
porches,  pergolas,  etc.  Prune  6, 7  — .  (See  illustration  in  color,  page  1 2.) 

DOROTHY  PERKINS,  WHITE.  W.  Flowers  snow-white;  free- 
bloomer;  large  clusters.  Very  vigorous.  Habit  like  Pink  Dorothy 
Perkins.  Arches,  porches,  pergolas,  etc.  Prune  6,  7—. 

DUCHESSE  DE  BRABANT.  T.  Flowers  deep  rosy  pink,  edged  with 
silver.  Has  been  extensively  planted  about  the  White  House,  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  a  free  bloomer.  Bedding.  Prune  4. 

DUCHESS  OF  WELLINGTON.  H.T.  Flowers  intense  saffron- 
yellow.  Garden,  bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  3. 

ECARLATE.  H.T.  Flowers  intense  dazzling  scarlet,  semi-double, 
showing  beautiful  long  golden  anthers  in  center.  An  incessant 
bloomer.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  3. 

ELLEN  POULSEN.  T.P.  Flowers  brilliant  pink;  full,  sweet-scented. 
Very  floriferous.  Garden,  bedding,  edging.  Prune  3. 

ERNA  TESCHENDORFF.  P.  Flowers  rich  crimson,  freely  produced. 
An  improved  Crimson  Baby  Rambler.  Bedding,  edging.  Prune  3. 


48 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Frau  Karl  Druschki          Gen.  Jacqueminot 


Gloire  Lyonnaise 
See  page  49 


ETOILE  DE  FRANCE.  H.T.  Flowers  intense,  brilliant  crimson; 
extra-large,  double;  very  free  bloomer;  fragrant;  buds  large,  pointed. 
Vigorous.  Bedding.  A  choice  variety.  Prune  2. 

ETOILE  DE  LYON.  T.  Flowers  bright  sulphur-yellow;  very  double; 
fragrant.  Vigorous.  Bedding.  Prune  4. 

EXCELSA.  (Red  Dorothy  Perkins).  W.  Iridescent  rosy  crimson.  Very 
vigorous.  Late-flowering.  Fine  in  every  way.  Arch,  porch,  trellis, 
etc.  Prune  6,  7  —  . 

FLORENCE  PEMBERTON.  H.T.  Flowers  creamy  white,  suffused 
pink;  large,  full,  perfect  form;  high-pointed  center.  Bush,  garden. 
Prune  2. 

FRAU  KARL  DRUSCHKI  (White  American  Beauty).  H.P.  Flowers 
pure  snow-white;  immense  (4  to  5  inches  across),  perfectly  double. 
The  finest  pure  white  rose  in  this  class;  not  fragrant.  Vigorous. 
Bedding,  bush,  garden.  Prune  I  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

GARDENIA.  W.  Flowers  yellow,  changing  to  creamy  white;  fragrant; 
free  bloomer.  Very  vigorous;  creeping.  Prune  6,  7—.  (See  illustra- 
tion in  color,  page  40.) 

GENERAL  JACQUEMINOT.  H.P.  Flowers  brilliant  crimson, 
velvety;  fragrant.  Vigorous.  Bedding,  garden,  pot,  and  standard. 
Prune  2  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q.  (See  illustration  in  color,  page  70.) 

GENERAL  MACARTHUR.  H.T.  Flowers  glowing  crimson-scarlet; 
fragrant.  Vigorous.  Bedding,  garden.  Prune  2. 

GENERAL- SUPERIOR  ARNOLD-JANSSEN.  H.T.  Flowers 
deep  glowing  carmine,  large,  and  freely  produced.  Garden,  bedding. 
Prune  2. 

GEORGE  DICKSON.  H.T.  Flowers  velvety  dark  crimson,  back  of 
petals  heavily  veined  with  deep,  pure  crimson-maroon.  Garden, 
bedding.  Prune  2. 


ROSES  FOR  AMERICAN  GARDENS       49 


Lyon  Rose 
See  page  52 


Gruss  an  Teplitz 


Kaiserin  Aug.  Victoria 
See  page  50 


GLOIRE  DE  CHEDANE  GUINOISSEAU.  H.P.  Flowers  bright  yer- 
milion-red  with  velvety  shadings.  Choice  new  variety.  Bedding, 
garden.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

GLOIRE  LYONNAISE.  H.P.  Flowers  pale  lemon;  large.  Very  vigor- 
ous. Garden,  bedding.  A  grand  rose;  the  nearest  to  yellow  of  any 
of  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  3  forQ.  (See  illustration, 
page  48.) 

GLORY  OF  MOSSES.  M.  Flowers  blush-color.  Very  hardy.  Bedding. 
Prune  3. 

GRUSS  AN  AACHEN.  P.  Flowers  flesh-pink  and  yellow;  very  double 
and  free-flowering;  vigorous.  Edging,  bedding.  Prune  4. 

GRUSS  AN  TEPLITZ.  H.T.  Flowers  bright  crimson;  free  bloomer. 
Fragrant,  hardy,  vigorous.  Garden,  bedding,  and  bush.  Prune  5. 

GRUSS  AN  TEPLITZ,  CLIMBING.  C.H.T.  Flowers  bright  crimson. 
Free  bloomer;  vigorous.  Porch,  pillar,  arch,  trellis.  Prune  4. 

HARISON'S  YELLOW.  A.B.  Flowers  intense  clear  golden  yellow. 
Early  bloomer.  Very  hardy.  Bush,  hedge.  Prune  6. 

HARRY  KIRK.  T.  Flowers  deep  sulphur-yellow  with  edge  of  petals 
lighter;  intensely  fragrant.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

HELEN  GOOD.  T.  Flowers  delicate  pink,  shaded  deeper  pink  at  the 
edges;  fragrant.  Somewhat  like  Maman  Cochet.  Garden,  bedding. 
Prune  2. 

HENRI  MARTIN.  M.  Flowers  bright  rosy  red;  fragrant;  large.  Free 
bloomer;  vigorous.  Fine  in  its  class.  Prune  3. 

HERMOSA.  C.  Flowers  pink,  in  clusters;  fragrant.  Free  bloomer; 
vigorous.  Garden,  bedding,  and  standard.  Prune  3. 

HIAWATHA.  W.  Flowers  brilliant  scarlet;  single;  bright  and 
effective.  Vigorous.  Arch,  trellis,  etc.  Prune  6,  7  — . 


50 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

HOOS I ER  BEAUTY.  H.T.  Flowers  glowing  crimson;  one  of  the  rich- 
est-colored roses  in  cultivation;  large,  full,  and  deliciously  sweet. 
Garden,  bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  3. 

HUGH  DICKSON.  H.P.  New.  Flowers  brilliant  crimson,  shaded 
scarlet;  very  large  and  full;  fine  form.  Free-flowering  and  vigorous. 
Highly  perfumed.  Garden.  Prune  i  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

HUGO  ROLLER.  T.  Flowers  lemon-yellow  and  crimson.  A  tea- 
scented  "pictorial"  flower.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  4  for  Q. 

IRISH  ELEGANCE.  H.T.  Flowers  bronzy  orange-scarlet  in  the 
bud  stage,  which  assumes  apricot  hues  as  the  flower  opens;  large, 
single  variety.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2.  (See  illustration  page  75.) 

J.  B.  CLARK.  H.P.  Flowers  intense,  scarlet,  shaded  crimson.  Vigor- 
ous. Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q.  (See  illustration  in 
color,  page  21.) 

JONKHEER  J.  L.  MOCK.    H.T.    Flowers-  carmine  on  the  outside, 

lovely  soft  pink  inside;  large;  full,  fine  form  and  fragrant.    Garden, 

bedding,  cut-flower.    Prune  2. 
JOSEPH  HILL.    H.T.    Flowers  pure  salmon  and  gold,  outside  of  petals 

pinkish  copper.    Garden,  bedding.    Prune  2.     ' 
JULIET.    Per.    Flowers  old-gold  on  the  outside  while  the  inside  is  rosy 

red,  changing  to  deep  rose  as  the  flowers  expand.    Large,  full,  and 

delightfully  fragrant.    Garden,  bedding.    Prune  4. 

KAISERIN  AUGUSTA  VICTORIA.  H.T.  Flowers  white,  shading  to 
lemon;  deep;  full;  fragrant.  Free  bloomer;  vigorous.  Garden;  also 
cut-flower.  Cannot  be  too  highly  recommended.  Prune  3. 

KILLARNEY.  H.T.  Flowers  brilliant  pink;  long,  pointed  buds.  Free 
bloomer;  moderately  vigorous.  Garden,  bedding,  cut-flower.  A 
great  favorite.  Prune  3.  (See  illustration  in  color,  page  45:) 

KILLARNEY  BRILLIANT.  H.T.  Flowers  larger,  more  double,  and 
a  deeper  pink  than  the  parent  Killarney;  fragrant.  A  free  bloomer. 
Garden,  bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  3. 

LADY  ALICE  STANLEY.  H.T.  Flowers  deep  coral-rose  and  pale 
flesh,  large,  exceptionally  full,  very  lasting  when  cut.  Garden,  bed- 
.ding,  cut-flower.  Prune  3. 

LADY  HILLINGDON.  T.  Flowers  deep  apricot-yellow,  shading  to 
orange.  Garden,  bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  2.  (See  illustration, 
page  52.) 

LADY  MARY  WARD.  H.T.  Flowers  rich  orange,  shaded  deeper 
orange  with  metallic  veneering.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

LADY  PENZANCE.  S.B.  Flowers  soft  coppery  color.  Lord  Pen- 
zance  Hybrid.  Leaves  deliciously  scented.  Hedge,  pillar,  arch, 
porch.  Prune  6,  7  —  . 

LA  FRANCE.  H.T.  Flowers  silvery  rose,  changing  to  pink;  fine  form; 
sweet;  large;  lovely  buds.  Moderately  vigorous.  Garden,  bush, 
standard,  and  cut-flower.  Prune  2.  (See  illustration,  page  53.) 

LA  TOSCA.  H.T.  Flowers  rose.  Free  bloomer;  good  vigorous.  Gar- 
den, bush,  bedding.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  4  for  Q. 


Among  the  pink  Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses,  MRS.  JOHN  LAING 
stands  well  in  the  lead,— not  so  large  as  Paul  Neyron,  but  more  free  in 
bloom,  with  excellent  form,  clear  color  and  rich  fragrance. 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Lady  Hillingdon  (see  page  50) 


Mme.  Camille 


LAURENT  CARLE.  H.T.  Flowers  brilliant,  velvety  carmine;  large 
and  perfect;  intensely  fragrant.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

LEON  IE  LAMESCH.  P.  Flowers  vary  from  cochineal-red  in  the  bud 
to  glowing  coppery  red,  marked  with  orange  when  the  bloom  opens. 
Very  floriferous.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  3. 

LOUISE  CATHERINE  BRESLAU.  Per.  Flowers  shrimp-pink, 
shaded  with  reddish  coppery  orange  and  chrome-yellow  on  the 
reverse  of  petals.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  5. 

LOUISE  WELTER  (Baby  Tausendschon).  P.  Flowers  deep  pink  to 
white.  Identical  in  color  with  the  popular  climbing  Tausendschon,  or 
Thousand  Beauties.  Bedding,  edging.  Prune  5. 

LYON  ROSE.  H.T.  Flowers  salmon-pink  shaded  chrome-yellow;  full; 
globular;  fragrant.  Vigorous.  Hardy.  Bedding.  Constant  bloomer. 
Said  to  be  beyond  competition.  Prune  3.  (See  illustration,  page  49.) 

MME.  ALFRED  CARRIERE.  N.  Flowers  cream-white,  tinged  pale 
yellow.  Large,  full,  double,  and  sweet.  Vigorous  grower.  Porch,  arch, 
trellis.  Prune  7. 

MME.  CAMILLE.  T.  Flowers  flesh,  changing  to  salmon;  large,  full; 
sweet.  Constant  bloomer;  vigorous.  Bedding.  Prune  2. 

MME.  CAROLINE  TESTOUT.  H.T.  Flowers  clear  pink,  edged  sil- 
very rose.  Magnificent  variety.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2.  (See 
illustration  in  color,  page  12.) 

MME.  CHARLES  LUTAUD.  H.T.  Flowers  deep  chrome-yellow, 
sometimes  tinged  rosy  scarlet.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MME.  EDMOND  ROSTAND.  H.T.  Flowers  pale  flesh,  shaded  with 
salmon,  center  reddish  orange — distinct  and  charming.  Garden, 
bedding.  Prune  5. 


ROSES  FOR  AMERICAN  GARDENS       53 


Magna  Charta 


Killarney 
See  page  50 


La  France 
See  page  50 


MME.  EDOUARD  HERRIOT  (The  Daily  Mail  Rose).  Per.  The 
most  unique  variety,  recently  introduced.  Flowers  medium  size, 
semi-double,  superbly  colored,  coral-red  shaded  with  yellow  and 
bright  rosy  scarlet,  passing  to  prawn-red.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  5. 

MME.  EUGENE  MARLITT.  B.  Flowers  carmine-red;  fragrant; 
free  bloomer.  Vigorous.  Bedding.  Prune  4,  tip  severely. 

MME.  JULES  GROLEZ.  H.T.  Flowers  china  rose,  passing  to  clear, 
rich  satiny  pink.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2.  (See  illustration, 
page  59.) 

MME.  LEON  PAIN.  H.T.  Flowers  silvery  salmon,  center  orange- 
yellow.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MME.  MELANIE  SOUPERT.  H.T.  Flowers  salmon-yellow,  suffused 
carmine;  fragrant.  Free  bloomer.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MME.  RAVARY.  H.T.  Flowers  rich  orange-yellow.  Free-blooming 
and  deliciously  fragrant.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MME.  SECOND  WEBER.  H.T.  Flowers  salmon-flesh-color;  deep 
pink  when  opening.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MADISON.  T.  Flowers  creamy  white,  sometimes  tinged  pink; 
similar  to  "Bride"  in  form  but  superior  to  it;  deliciously  fragrant. 
Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  4  for  Q. 

MAGNA  CHARTA.  H.P.  Flowers  pink,  suffused  with  carmine;  extra 
large;  full;  fragrant.  Free  bloomer.  Leaves  light  green.  Vigorous. 
Bedding.  A  choice  variety.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q.  (See  cut.) 

MAMAN  COCHET.  T.  Flowers  flesh-pink  suffused  light  rose;  large, 
double,  fragrant.  Fine.  Vigorous.  Garden,  bush.  Prune  2. 

MAMAN  COCHET,  PINK,  CLIMBING.  C.T.  New.  Flowers  like 
those  of  Maman  Cochet.  Porch,  pergola,  arch,  etc.  Prune  4. 


WHAT   FULLNESS   OF  JOY 


FROM   A   GARDEN    LIKE   THIS! 


56 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Miss  Alice  de  Rothschild 
See  page  57 


Mrs.  Wakefield  Christie  Miller 
See  page  57 


MAM  AN  COCHET,  WHITE.  T.  Flowers  snow-white,  with  outside 
petals  tipped  pink  in  the  autumn.  Large  and  fragrant.  Garden, 
bedding,  boutonniere.  Prune  2. 

MARECHAL  NIEL.  N.  Flowers  deep  yellow;  large;  globular;  full; 
sweet.  A  most  beautiful  climber.  Hardy  only  in  the  South.  Vigor- 
ous. Porch,  pillar,  pot,  standard,  etc.  Prune  5. 

MARGARET  DICKSON  HAMILL.  H.T.  Flowers  delicate  straw- 
color,  edge  flushed  with  carmine.  Fragrant.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MARIE  GUILLOT.  T.  Flowers  pure  snowy  white,  large  and  full. 
Very  fragrant.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MARIE  PAVIE.  P.  Flowers  white  with  delicate  rose  center.  Un- 
surpassed as  a  bush  cemetery  rose.  Blooms  unceasingly  and  is  quite 
hardy.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  3. 

MARIE  VAN  HOUTTE.  T.  Flowers  pale  yellow,  edged  with  rose; 
large;  full;  fragrant.  Constant  bloomer;  vigorous.  Bedding.  Prune  2. 

MARQUISE  DE  SINETY.  H.T.  Buds  rich  yellow-ocher  suffused  with 
carmine.  The  expanded  flower  is  yellow,  shaded  rosy  red.  Garden, 
bedding.  Prune  2. 

MARY,  COUNTESS  OF  ILCHESTER.  H.T.  Flowers  beautiful 
crimson-carmine;  very  large  and  double.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MARY  LOVETT.  W.  Flowers  pure  pearly  white;  same  type  as  the 
beautiful  Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet.  Pergola,  arch,  etc.  Prune  6,  7  —  . 

MAY  QUEEN.  W.  Flowers  clear  bright  pink  and  deliciously  sweet. 
A  great  bloomer.  Pergola,  arch,  pillar,  bush,  hedge.  Prune  6. 


ROSES   FOR  AMERICAN  GARDENS       57 


Mrs.  Aaron  Ward 


Miss  Cynthia  Forde 


MISS  ALICE  DE  ROTHSCHILD.  T.  Flowers  rich  yellow.  We  call 
it  bush  Marechal  Niel,  although  it  is  hardier.  Garden,  bedding. 
Prune  2.  (See  illustration,  page  56.) 

MISS  CYNTHIA  FORDE.  H.T.  Flowers  deep  brilliant  rose-pink. 
Sweetly  perfumed.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MOLLY  SHARMAN-CRAWFORD.  T.  Flowers  delicate  white, 
passing  to  pure  white.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MRS.  AARON  WARD.  H.T.  Flowers  Indian  yellow,  sometimes 
tinged  salmon-rose.  Garden,  bedding;  boutonniere.  Prune  2. 

MRS.  A.  R.  WADDELL.  H.T.  Flowers  coppery  red  suffused  with 
salmon.  Incessant  bloomer.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MRS.  B.  R.  CANT.  T.  Flowers  rose-red;  large,  full,  perfectly  double; 
fragrant.  Constant  bloomer;  vigorous.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  3. 

MRS.  HERBERT  STEVENS.  T.  Flowers  white  with  center  shaded 
fawn  and  peach.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

MRS.  JOHN  LAING.  H.P.  Flowers  soft  pink;  large,  full;  fragrant. 
Free  bloomer;  vigorous.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  i  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 
(See  illustration  in  color,  page  51.) 

MRS.  WAKEFIELD  CHRISTIE  MILLER.  H.T.  Flowers  soft 
pearly  blush.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2.  (See  cut,  page  56.) 

MURIEL  DICKSON.  Per.  Flowers  deep  reddish  copper  in  the  bud 
state  paling  with  age  to  cherry-red  with  coppery  shadings.  Garden, 
bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  4. 


•nmno 

mmu 


nrrrrrr 

been    wonderfully 


Hardy    Climbing    Roses 
ring  the  last  fifteen   years   by  the   addition  of  such 
DOROTHY   PERKINS    (as   pictured   above);   also 


The    list    of 
enriched  during 
varieties   as 
White  Dorothy  and  Excelsa,  or  Red  Dorothy. 

Their  long,  willowy  branches,  easily  trained  over  almost  any 
object,  will,  with  reasonable  care  and  nourishment,  often  attain 
a  length  of  20  feet  in  one  season. 


ROSES   FOR  AMERICAN   GARDENS       59 


MY  MARYLAND.  H.T.  Flowers  lovely  salmon-pink,  very  freely 
produced  on  long  stems.  Garden,  bedding,  cutting.  Prune  2. 

NEW  CENTURY.  R.  Flowers  clear  flesh-pink  with  light  red  center; 
deliciously  sweet;  fragrance  like  the  wild  rose.  Extremely  hardy. 
Hedge,  bush,  or  garden.  Prune  6. 

OPHELIA.  H.T.  Flowers  salmon-flesh-color,  shaded  with  rose. 
Garden,  bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  2. 

ORLEANS.  P.  Flowers  vivid  rosy  crimson.  Garden,  bedding,  edging. 
Prune  3. 

PAUL  NEYRON.  H.P.  Flowers  deep  rose;  fragrant;  opens  flat.  Vig- 
orous. Bedding,  garden.  Prune  i  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

PERLE  DES  JARDINS.  T.  Flowers  deep  yellow;  very  large,  full,  and 
fragrant.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2.  (See  illustration  in  color, 
page  32.) 

PERSIAN  YELLOW.  A.B.  Flowers  deep,  rich,  golden  yellow. 
Garden,  bush,  hedge.  Prune  6.  (See  illustration  in  color,  page  63.) 

PHILADELPHIA  RAMBLER.  Mult.  Flowers  intense  crimson; 
double;  in  large  clusters.  Very  vigorous.  Arch,  porch,  etc.  Hardy. 
Prune  6  —  ,  7+. 

PRINCE  CAMILLE  DE  ROHAN.  H.P.  Flowers  velvety  crimson; 
large.  Vigorous.  Bedding.  Prune  2  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

PRINCESS  ADELAIDE.  M.  Flowers  bright  rosy  pink,  beautifully 
mossed:  double  and  sweet.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  3. 

QUEEN'S  /  SCARLET.  C.  Flowers  rich  velvety  scarlet,  size 
medium.  j|  Constant  in  bloom.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  3. 


6o 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Rayon  d'Or 


Wichmoss   (see  page  62) 


RADIANCE.  H.T.  Flowers  rosy  carmine  and  pink;  fine  for  mass 
planting.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

RAYON  D'OR.  Per.  Flowers  cadmium-yellow  as  they  begin  to  open, 
toning  to  sunflower-yellow  when  fully  expanded.  Garden,  bedding. 
Prune  2. 

RHEA  REID.  H.T.  Flowers  rich  red;  very  double;  fragrant.  Garden, 
bedding.  The  "Grand  Prize  Rose"  of  Paris  for  1908.  Prune  3.  (See 
illustration,  page  61.) 

ROGER  LAMBELIN.  H.P.  Flowers  glowing  crimson  with  pure  white 
around  the  edge  of  each  petal.  Unique.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  I 
for  Ex.,  3  for  Q.  (See  illustration  in  color,  page  112.) 

ROSERAIE  DE  L'HAY.  R.  Flowers  bright  red  and  intensely 
fragrant;  free  bloomer.  Hedge,  bush,  or  garden.  Prune  5,  7+. 

RUGOSA  ALBA.  R.  Flowers  single,  pure  white,  five  petals;  highly 
scented.  Makes  pretty  red  berries  which  last  well  into  winter.  Hedge, 
bush.  Prune  6.  (See  illustration  in  color,  page  87.) 

RUGOSA  RUBRA.  R.  Flowers  single,  bright  rosy  crimson;  highly 
scented.  Large  red  berries.  Hedge,  bush.  Prune  6. 

SAFRANO.  T.  Flowers  apricot-yellow;  fragrant;  semi-double.  Con- 
stant bloomer;  vigorous.  Bedding,  garden.  Prune  3. 

SILVER  MOON.  W.  Flowers  very  large,  single,  brilliant  silvery 
white  with  a  mass  of  golden  yellow  stamens  in  center.  Vigorous. 
Creeping.  Prune  6,  7  —  . 


ROSES  FOR  AMERICAN  GARDENS       61 


• 


Rhea  Reid  (see  page  60) 


Taft  Rose 


SIR  THOMAS  LIPTON.  R.  Flowers  pure  white;  fragrant;  con- 
stant bloomer.  Leaves  beautiful.  Vigorous.  Hedge,  bush,  or  garden. 
Very  hardy.  Prune  5,  7+. 

SOLEIL  D'OR.  (Sun  of  Gold.)  Per.  Flowers  reddish  gold,  orange-yel- 
low, nasturtium-red,  and  rosy  pink.  Spicy  orange  fragrance.  Gar- 
den, bedding.  Prune  4. 

SOUV.  DE  GUSTAV  PRAT.  H.T.  Flowers  clear  light  sulphur-yel- 
low. Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

SOUV.  DE  LA  MALMAISON.  B.  Flowers  lovely  creamy  flesh  with 
rose  center,  elegantly  shaded.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  3. 

SOUV.  DE  PIERRE  NOTTING.  T.  Flowers  apricot-yellow,  shaded 
orange.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

SUNBURST.  H.T.  Flowers  intense  orange-copper  and  golden  yellow. 
Extra  fine.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

SUNRISE.  T.  Flowers  peachy  red,  beautifully  shaded  with  orange 
and  crimson;  especially  good  in  the  South.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

SWEETBRIAR  (R.  rubiginosa).  S.B.  Flowers  pink;  single.  Vig- 
orous. Hedge,  bush.  Foliage  delightfully  fragrant.  Prune  6,  7+. 

TAFT  ROSE.  H.T.  Flowers  rich  salmon-pink  shaded  at  the  base 
with  chrome-yellow.  Profuse  bloomer.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  2. 

TAUSENDSCHON.  Mult.  Flowers  white  to  deep  pink.  Very  vig- 
orous. Porch,  arch,  etc.  Has  few  thorns.  Fine.  Prune  6,  7  —  .  (See 
illustration  in  color,  page  78.) 


62  HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


A  tasteful  arrangement  of  Ulrich   Brunner  roses 

ULRICH  BRUNNER.  H.P.  Flowers  rich  red;  fragrant;  petals  broad, 
round,  thick.  Vigorous.  Garden,  bedding,  and  standard.  A  standard 
variety.  Prune  i  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q.  (See  illustration  in  color,  page  94.) 

WHITE  KILLARNEY.  H.T.  Flowers  pure  white;  long,  pointed 
buds.  Vigorous.  Garden,  bedding,  cut-flower.  Prune  3. 

WICHMOSS.  (The  Climbing  Moss  Rose.)  W.  Flowers  light  pink, 
reverse  of  petals  darker.  Very  hardy.  Pillar,  arch,  pergola,  trellis. 
Prune  7.  (See  illustration,  page  60.) 

WICHURAIANA.  W.  Flowers  pure  white;  single.  Leaves  glossy, 
free  from  insects.  Will  grow  anywhere.  Splendid  for  holding  banks 
from  washing.  Vigorous.  Creeping.  Prune  6,  7+. 

WILLIAM  ALLEN  RICHARDSON.  N.  Flowers  coppery  yellow, 
tinged  with  carmine;  deliciously  fragrant.  Not  hardy.  Splendid  for 
the  South.  Vigorous.  Porch,  pillar.  Prune  5. 

WM.  R.  SMITH.  T.  Blush -pink;  large;  full.  Vigorous  grower. 
Garden,  bedding.  Prune  i  for  Ex.,  3  for  Q. 

WILLIAM  SHEAN.  H.T.  Flowers  pure  pink  with  delicate  ochery  vena- 
tion; very  large.  Vigorous.  Bedding,  garden.  Prune  3. 

WILLOWMERE.  H.T.  Flowers  rich  shrimp-pink,  shaded  yellow 
in  the  center.  Garden,  bedding.  Prune  4. 

YORK  AND  LANCASTER.  Damask.  Flowers  striped  red  and  white. 
Very  hardy.  A  very  old  and  rather  rare  rose.  Associated  with  the 
"Wars  of  the  Roses."  Garden.  Prune  4.  (See  illustration,  page  7.) 


The  beautiful  PERSIAN  YELLOW  Rose  Is  com- 
mended highly,  especially  to  those  living  in  the  colder 
sections  of  our  country. 

Its  rich  coloring  and  hardiness,  combined  with  its  early 
season  of  bloom  and  fragrant  young  foliage,  give  it  a 
value  among  Roses  comparable  to  the  value  of  gold 
among  metals. 

It  blooms  brilliantly  and  abundantly,  though  not  con- 
tinually; and,  above  all,  it  is  so  hardy  as  to  stand  severe 
winters,  without  protection,  almost  anywhere. 


64 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


La  France.    Beautiful  on  the  lawn;  just  as  fine  in  vases 

Roses  for  Various  Purposes  and  Uses 
Twelve  Star  Varieties 

In  selecting  the  best  roses,  there  are  so  many  qualities  to 
be  considered  that  it  requires  a  large  collection  and  unusual 
opportunities  to  watch  and  study  them  under  every  possible 
condition  they  are  likely  to  encounter.  We  have  been 
fortunate  in  having  unusual  facilities  for  this  experimental 
work.  Furthermore,  our  observation  extends  over  a  long 
period  of  years,  during  which,  each  season,  we  have  obtained 
and  tried  out  all  new  sorts  of  promise,  and  thus  aim  to  have 
the  best  obtainable  constantly  on  trial.  We  also  travel 
extensively  and  visit  rose-gardens  in  many  states  of  the 
Union.  Due  regard  has  been  given  to  the  published  experi- 
ences of  other  dependable  rose-lovers,  in  reaching  our  own 
conclusions. 

To  pass  our  severe  test,  a  rose  must  prove  itself  a  vigorous 
grower  and  an  abundant  bloomer,  and  must  also  excel  its 
rivals  either  in  size,  color,  form,  fragrance,  or  habit. 

So  many  friends  ask  us  to  select  their  roses  that  we  believe 
they  must  have  read  Pemberton's  advice;  "State  your 


ROSES   FOR  VARIOUS   PURPOSES         65 


requirements  to  a  friend  who  is  an  expert,  and  leave  the 
selection  to  him."  These  pages  answer  your  questions  before 
you  ask  them;  they  save  you  the  expense  of  experiments; 
and,  if  you  do  your  part,  you  can  count  on  a  reward  of 
good  bloom. 

Frau  Karl  Druschki.    (H.P.)  Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock.    (H.T.) 

Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria.   (H.T.)  Sunburst.    (H.T.)   Yellow. 

White  Maman  Cochet.  (T.)  Hugh  Dickson.    (H.P.)    Red. 

Coronation.    (H.P.)    Pink.  Prince  Camille  de  Rohan.    (H.P.) 


PauINeyron.    (H.P.)    Pink. 
Wm.  R.  Smith.    (T.)    Pink. 


GrussanTepIitz.    (H.T.)   Red. 
Mme.     Eugene    Marlitt.     (B.C) 
Red. 


Twelve  Cold  Country  Roses 

Here  are  roses  selected  from  among  those  that  live  out- 
doors over  winter  and  thrive  in  localities  north  of  the  lati- 
tude of  New  York  and  Chicago.  These  laugh  at  zero  weather. 

White  and  Light —  Page      Pink,  continued —  Page 

May  Queen.    (H.C.)  ....  56 
Willowmere.    (H.T.).  .          .  62 
Red- 
Hugh  Dickson.    (H.P.)..  .    .  -50 
Roseraie  de  I'Hay.    (H.R.).. 


g 

Frau  Karl  Druschki.    (H.P.) .  48 
Sir  Thomas  Lipton.    (H.R.)  .  61 
Conrad  F.  Meyer.    (H.R.) .  .  46 
Gloire  Lyonnaise.    (H.P.)..  .49 
Pink- 
Paul  Neyron.    (H.P.). 
Coronation.    (H.P.).  . 


Ulrich  Brunner.  "(H.P.).  .    .  62 
Gloire  de  Chedane  Guinois- 

seau  (H.P.)    .    .    .  .49 


W^^^ 


Hybrid  Rugosas.  iH|  Invaluable  for  cold  country  planting.    Note 
the  beautiful  foliage 


66 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Nearly  every  home  may  have  a  dozen  bushes  like  these 

Twelve  Sunny  South  Roses 

If  you  live  on  the  sunny  side  of  the  frost-line  and  wish  a  set 
of  superior  sorts  for  a  warm  country,  here  are  twelve  that  we 
know  you  will  find  supremely  satisfying. 

These  are  our  favorite  twelve  in  a  climate  where  there  is 
little  danger  from  frost.  They  will  winter  well  as  far  north  as 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Pink —  Page 

Maman  Cochet.  (T.)  .  .  53 
Mme.  Camilla.  (T.) .  .  .  52 
Radiance.  (H.T.)  ...  60 

Red- 
Mrs.  B.  R.  Cant.    (T.) .  .     57 
Magnafrano.    (H.T.)    .    .113 
Rhea  Reid.    (H.T.)  .    .    .    60 


Yellow —  Page 

Etoile  de  Lyon.    (T.) 48 

Duchess  of  Wellington.  (H.T.) .  47 

Safrano.    (T.) 60 

Sunburst.    (H.T.) 61 

White,  Tinted— 

Marie  Van  Houtte.    (T).  ...  56 
Madison.    (T.) 53 


ROSES  FOR  VARIOUS  PURPOSES 


67 


Climbing  Roses  That  Will  Cover  Quickly, 
Trellises,  Porches,  Buildings,  Etc. 

Every  home  has  room  for  a  few  climbers,  because  vines 
around  a  house  decorate  it  as  nothing  else  does,  and  to  have 
vines  that  will  hand  you  forth  roses — imagine  the  pleasure 
of that! 

Where  you  live  makes  a  difference;  roses  that  will  grow 
to  cover  your  house  with  bloom  in  northern  New  England 
are  not  the  kinds  to  do  the  same  in  the  sunny  South.  So, 
think  of  these  things  when  you  order,  or,  better  still,  leave  it 
all  to  your  grower,  who  will  select  to  suit  your  home  and 
climate.  For  example,  here  are  three  sets,  each  one  good  for 
the  section  indicated.  Order  accordingly,  and  you  will  get 
pleasing  results. 
(See  list  of  climbing  roses  recommended  for  this  purpose  on  page  68.) 


Dorothy  Perkins  roses  in  cold  New  England,  growing  over  a  cottage  of 
Thos.  W.  Lawson,  Dreamwold,  Massachusetts. 


68 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


We  recommend  the  following  roses  for  the  uses  described 
on  the  preceding  page: 

For  a  Warm  Climate — "Everblooming  Climbers" —  Page 

Reine  Marie  Henrietta.   Red 115 

Mrs.  Robert  Peary.   White 115 

Marechal  Niel.   Yellow 56 

Climbing  Pink  Maman  Cochet.   Pink 53 

For  a  Temperate  Climate  (latitude  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York} — 

Dorothy  Perkins.   Pink 47 

Excelsa  (Red  Dorothy).   Red 48 

White  Dorothy  Perkins.   White 47 

Gardenia.  Yellow 48 

For  a  Cold  Climate  (where  winters  are  long  and  severe) — 

Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet.   Pink 47 

MaryLovett.  White 56 

Ruby  Queen.   Red 115 

Tausendschon.  Pink  and  white 61 

Archways,  Arbors,  Summer-Houses,  Pergolas,  and 
for  Beautifying  Boundaries,  Fences,  Etc. 

Certain  roses 
lend  themselves 
admirably  to  being 
trained  over  objects 
on  which  they  can 
have  support.  The 
best  kinds  for  such 
a  purpose,  we  think, 
are: 

Dorothy  Perkins.  Page 

Pink 47 

Ruby  Queen.  Red  115 
American  Pillar, 

Single.  Pink  .  .  44 
Excelsa  (Red 

Dorothy  Perkins).  48 
Tausendschon. 

Blush 61 

Gardenia.  Yellow  .  48 


Quite  as  pretty 
an  effect  may  be 
had  with  certain 
other  kinds  by 


Effective  uses  of  the  Wichuraiana 


ROSES  FOR  VARIOUS  PURPOSES        69 


A  lovely  spot  in  the  famous  Graveraux  Rose-garden  near  Paris 

allowing  them  to  grow  over  a  fence,  as  shown  on  page  71. 
Their  willowy  vine-like  branches  are  very  graceful,  the 
foliage  is  shiny  and  almost  evergreen,  giving  these  the 
advantage  over  the  Ramblers  of  being  attractive  even  when 
not  in  bloom  and  almost  the  entire  year. 


Alberic  Barbier 

Alba  rubrifolia.  White  . . 
Dorothy  Perkins.  Pink  . 
Dorothy  Perkins.  White. 
Excelsa  . 


Page 

43 
114 

47 
47 
48 


Page 

Gardenia 48 

Silver  Moon 60 

Universal  Favorite.   Pink.  .    .115 

Wichmoss 62 

Wichuraiana,  Single.  White.  .    62 


The  above-mentioned  roses  flower  during  one  period  of 
the  year  only,  but  are  hardier  for  cold  climates  than  the  fol- 
lowing, which,  if  well  cared  for  and  properly  nourished,  will 
continue  to  produce  some  bloom  during  summer  and  autumn: 

Page 

Climbing  Gruss  an  Teplitz.    Red 49 

Climbing  Pink  Maman  Cochet 53 

Climbing  White  Killarney  .  • 115 

Shower  of  Gold.   Yellow;  shiny  foliage 115 

Climbing  Clothilde  Soupert.    Blush 115 

Climbing  Killarney.    Pink 115 

Reine  Marie  Henriette 115 

Mme.  Caroline  Testout  Climbing 115 


THE  STANDARD  HYBRID  PERPETUAL,  GEN.  JACQUEMINOT 

Do  you  know  the  quaint  custom  that  still  holds  in  one  of  the  country 
towns  of  Pennsylvania,  whereby,  in  accordance  with  the  will  of  Baron 
Stiegel,  there  is  paid  for  the  church  property,  with  an  appropriate  anniver- 
sary celebration,  an  annual  rental  of  one  red  Rose? 

No  other  Rose  can  be  counted  upon  for  this  service  so  surely  as  the  dear 
old  favorite  "Jack." 


ROSES   FOR  VARIOUS  PURPOSES        71 

For  Beautifying  Banks,  Stumps,  or  Other 

Unsightly  Objects 

The  Wichuraianas  are  ideal  cover-roses.  They  are  remark- 
ably free  from  both  insects  and  disease,  with  foliage  clean, 
bright,  and  shiny  the  entire  year. 

The  single-flowered  sorts  bear  bright  berries,  which  the 
birds  like.  Enterprising  railroad  companies  use  these  to  hold 
embankments  in  place;  they  also  add  to  the  roadside  beauty. 
One  plant  will  easily  cover  6  square  feet  of  ground. 

Page 

Alberic  Barbier.   Shiny  foliage;  creamy  white 43 

Gardenia  (Hardy  Marechal  Niel).     Yellow 48 

Universal  Favorite  (Double  Pink  Memorial) 115 

Wichuraiana.   Single.   White 62 

Most  of  the  Wichuraianas  are  also  well  suited  for  cover- 
ing purposes. 


Here  is  a  beautiful   hint,  easily  and  cheaply  adopted    by  anyone  whose 
fences  are  bare.    See  varieties  mentioned  above 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


For  Screen  Planting  and  Borders,  or  Beautifying 
the  Unsightly 

Almost  every  lawn  might  be  improved,  if  some  uncomely 
object  or  portion  in  the  rear  were  screened  from  view.  The 
right  kind  of  roses  will  do  it,  and  give  you  something  beauti- 
ful instead.  There  are  two  ways  to  do  it:  (i)  put  up  a  trellis 
and  train  over  it  the  roses  named  in  the  above  section;  or 
(2)  if  it  be  a  low  screen,  you  need  only  to  plant  the  tall, 
erect-growing  Rugosa  roses.  And  if  you  want  a  luxuriant 
growth,  dig  the  ground  deeply  and  give  these  roses  plenty 
of  rich  nourishment. 

Page 

Hugonis 109 

May  Queen 56 

Ruby  Queen.   Ruby-red  .  .    .115 
Sir  Thomas  Lipton.  White..  .    61 


Page 

Birdie  BIye.    Pink 44 

Conrad  F.  Meyer.  Silvery  pink  46 
Christine  Wright.  Pink  .  ...  46 
Harison's  Yellow 49 


These  eight  varieties,  if  set  in  one  group,  should  be  placed 
at  least  2  to  3  feet  apart. 

Wonderfully  pleasing  effects  may  be  obtained  for  screen- 
ing out  undesirable  objects  or  views  by  the  erection  of  trellis 
formations.  These  may  be  made  of  various  designs  and 
materials;  but,  for  roses,  wood  seems  to  be  preferred.  Over 
these  train  the  roses  recommended  on  pages  68  and  69. 


A  fence  made  beautiful  with  Wichuraiana  roses 


ROSES  FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES 


73 


The  Tree  roses  in  the  Bagatelle  Gardens  in  Paris  are  much  larger  than 
are  customarily  seen  in  American  gardens.  Some  of  these  are  12  feet  high, 
having  been  budded  with  Wichuraianas  that  weep  to  the  ground. 

Standard  or  Tree  Roses 

Tree  roses  occupy  very  little  ground  space  and  are  quite 
imposing  when  planted  among  shrubbery  or  perennials.  If 
you  arrange  them  along  the  sides  of  a  walk  they  produce  an 
avenue  effect  (see  page  13).  A  fine  effect  is  produced  by 
planting  them  among  or  back  of  a  collection  of  bush  roses, 
thus  making  a  two-storied  rose-bed,  as  it  were. 

It  pays  to  have  these  come  to  you  while  dormant. 


Frau  Karl  Druschki.  (H.P.) 
Snow-white. 

Etoile  de  France.  (H.T.)  Good 
red. 

Paul  Neyron.  (H.P.)  Immense; 
rich  pink. 

Ulrich  Brunner.  (H.P.)  Crimson- 
scarlet. 

Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock.  (H.T.) 
Imperial  pink. 


Gruss  an  Teplitz.  (H.T.)  Often 
called  the  "reddest  of  red 
roses;"  fragrant  and  free- 
blooming. 

Mme.  Caroline  Testout.  (H.T.) 
Clear  cherry-red. 

Mrs.  Aaron  Ward.  (H.T.)  Rich 
yellow. 

Pharisaer.   (H.T.)   Rosy  white. 


74 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Rose  Hedges 

These  boundary  markers  are  certainly  coming  to  be  more 
and  more  popular  as  people  learn  about  the  splendid  quali- 
ties of  the  Rugosa  roses,  Sweetbriars,  or  Altaica  for  this  pur- 
pose. They  are  not  neat,  compact,  and  uniform  in  growth 
as  is  a  hedge  of  California  Privet,  but  the  thick,  bushy  mass 
of  glossy,  crinkled  foliage,  especially  of  the  Rugosa,  gives 
a  particularly  fine  appearance.  They  are  perfectly  hardy  in 
the  coldest  winters  and  are  more  valuable  because  the  foli- 
age is  not  troubled  with  either  insects  or  disease. 

In  warmer  countries,  or  even  in  our  own  latitude,  a  single 
row  of  a  free-flowering,  erect,  bushy  rose  is  sure  to  be  pretty 
and  very  satisfactory  where  one  wishes  simply  to  mark  a 
boundary,  as,  for  example,  between  the  vegetable-  and  flower- 
garden.  For  this  purpose,  Gruss  an  Aachen,  (see  page  49)  is 
excellent.  The  small-flowered  Polyanthas  are  also  popular, 
especially  Baby  Rambler,  Marie  Pavie,  and  Baby  Dorothy. 
The  list  could  readily  be  extended,  and  each  one  would  be  well 
worth  planting.  (See  list  of  Polyanthas.) 


Hybrid  Wichuraianas,  if  given  some  support,  make  an  excellent  hedge 


ROSES  FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES 


75 


Roses  for  the  Cemetery 

For  some  cemeteries  we  recommend  roses  that  almost  care 
for  themselves — the  Wichuraiana  type.  They  creep  like  ivy 
and  make  a  mat  of  shiny  foliage  which  is  green  for  eleven 
months. 

Next  to  these,  we  like  the  dwarf,  compact-growing,  free- 
flowering  Polyanthas,  especially  the  White  Baby  Rambler, 
Gruss  an  Aachen,  Marie  Pavie,  and  Echo.  If  you  can  care 
for  bush  roses,  select  from  the  "Best  Yet"  sets,  according  to 
locality.  If  you  want  some  of  the  sturdiest  growers  obtain- 
able, choose  from  this  list: 

Page 

Sir  Thomas  Lipton.    (H.  Rug.)    White 6 

Frau  Karl  Druschki.  (H.P.)  White 48 

Mme.  Plantier.   White 75 

Single  Roses 

These  are  an  interesting 
group  in  themselves  and  rep- 
resented in  various  classes. 
The  single  Irish  roses  are 
best  among  the  Hybrid 
Teas. 

Irish  Elegance  (see  cut) 
Irish  Brightness 
Irish  Fireflame 

The  species  are  most 
interesting     specimens, 
among  which  is  Xan-      £. 
thina.    One  of  the    Jfefl 
largest    flowered 
of  the  subspecies 
is  Altaica  (see  page 
109). 


ge^M 


For  Edging  Beds 

Polyanthas  now  offer  an 
assortment  in  nearly  every 
color-class  (pages  113-114). 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Mme.  Abel  Chatenay 


My  Maryland 


For  "Forcing"  under  Glass  or  for  Indoor 

Winter  Bloom 

These  varieties  are  grown  by  professional  florists  in  glass- 
houses where  they  can  with  nicety  regulate  the  supply  of 
heat  and  moisture,  to  produce  the  long-stemmed  "beauties" 
seen  in  florists'  windows.  While  a  greenhouse  or  conserva- 
tory is  a  wonderful  help,  indeed  essential  for  best  results, 
some  people  have  these  same  roses  during  the  winter,  bloom- 
ing beautifully  in  their  homes  by  growing  them  where  they 
have  plenty  of  sunlight  and  air.  A  thing  to  remember  is 
that  coal  gas  is  very  injurious  to  plant  life,  therefore  must 
be  carefully  guarded  against.  They  are:  American  Beauty, 
Hadley,  Irish  Fireflame,  Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock,  Killarney, 
Killarney  Brilliant,  Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria,  Lady  Alice 
Stanley,  Lady  Hillingdon,  Madison,  Mme.  Abel  Chatenay, 
Mrs.  Aaron  Ward,  Mrs.  B.  R.  Cant,  Mrs.  Charles  Russell, 
Mrs.  George  Shawyer,  My  Maryland,  Ophelia,  Radiance, 
Rhea  Reid,  Richmond,  Sunburst,  Wellesley,  White  Killarney. 


EXPERT  OPINIONS  77 

Selections  for  Special  Sections  of  the 
United  States  of  America 

Those  of  our  readers  who  live  in  the  more  thickly  settled 
sections  of  our  country  will  recognize,  in  the  following,  our 
dependence  upon  the  modern  scientific  method  of  learning 
the  "best  roses"  for  certain  localities,  i.e.  the  method  of 
actually  testing  them.  We  have  had  the  good  fortune  to 
visit  personally  and  to  know  the  rose  experts  in  many  sec- 
tions, and  they  severally  have  been  so  kind  as  to  give  us  the 
benefit  of  their  valuable  experience,  each  in  the  form  of  a 
list  of  roses  they  have  found  to  thrive.  We  stand  back  of 
these  recommendations.  Other  lists  which  we  offer  of  roses 
best  adapted  for  various  purposes  are  bound  to  prove  help- 
ful as  well  as  suggestive.  (See  pages  64  to  76.) 

For  the  Pacific  Northwest 

Mr.  J.  A.  Currey,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  sent  us  the  follow- 
ing list  as  the  result  of  a  vote  of  representative  amateur  and 
professional  growers  in  his  part  of  the  country,  showing  the 
best  roses  for  various  purposes: 

Twelve  best  roses  Jor  general  cultivation 

Frau  Karl  Druschki  Mme.  Melanie  Soupert 

Edward  Mawley  Maman  Cochet 

General  MacArthur  Miss  Kate  Moulton 

Gruss  an  Teplftz  Mrs.  John  Laing 

Hugh  Dickspn  Richmond 

Mme.  Caroline  Testout  Ulrich  Brunner 

Six  best  climbing  or  rambling  roses 

American  Pillar  Mme.  Caroline  Testout,  Climbing 

Dorothy  Perkins.  Tausendschon 

Mme.  Alfred  Carriere  Wm.  Allen  Richardson 

Six  best  red  roses  Jor  general  cultivation 

Avoca  J.  B.  Clark 

General  MacArthur  Richmond 

Hugh  Dickson  Ulrich  Brunner 


EXPERT  OPINIONS 79 

Roses  for  the  Pacific  Northwest,  continued 
Six  best  white  roses  for  general  cultivation 

British  Queen  Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria 

Florence  Pemberton  Maman  Cochet 

Frau  Karl  Druschki  Mrs.  Foley  Hobbs 

Six  best  pink  roses  Jor  general  cultivation 

Belle  Siebrecht  Maman  Cochet 

Lady  Ashtown  Miss  Kate  Moulton 

Mme.  Caroline  Testout  Mrs.  John  Laing 

Six  best  yellow  roses  Jor  general  cultivation 

Joseph  Hill  Mme.  Ravary 

Lady  Hillingdon  Mrs.  Aaron  Ward 

Mme.  Melanie  Soupert  Sunburst 


For  Minneapolis  and  Vicinity 

Mr.  Theodore  Wirth,  now  superintendent  of  the  parks  of 
Minneapolis,  and  formerly  builder  of  the  famous  rose-garden 
of  Elizabeth  Park,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  recommends  for 
his  section  of  the  country  the  following  list  of  roses: 

Hybrid  Perpetuals 

Anna  de  Diesbach  Frau  Karl  Druschki 

Heinrich  Schultheis  Mme.  Gabriel  Luizet 

Mrs.  John  Laing  Ulrich  Brunner 

Paul  Neyron  Clio 

Captain  Hay  ward  Marshall  P.  Wilder 

Hugh  Dickson  General  Jacqueminot 

Hybrid  Teas 

Gruss  an  Teplitz  Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria 

Killarney,  Pink  and  White  Mme.  Jules  Grolez 

La  France  General  MacArthur 

Caroline  Testout  Souvenir  du  President  Carnot 

Mary,  Countess  of  Ilchester  Maman  Cochet,  White  and  Pink 

Climber  Ramblers 

Crimson  Rambler  Tausendschon.    See  illustration  in 

Goldfinch  color  on  opposite  page. 

Wm.  C.  Egan  Rosa  setigera 


8o 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Lady  Alice  Stanley 


Roses    for   Minneapolis  and 
Vicinity,  continued 

Polyantbas 

Mme.     N.     Levavasseur     (Baby 

Rambler) 
Marie  Pavfe 
Mile.  Cecile  Brunner 
Clothilde  Soupert 
Orleans 

Mme.  Zelia  Bourgeois 
Jessie 

Gloire  de  Polyantha 
Primula 

Climbing  Wichuraianas 

Dorothy  Perkins 

Hiawatha 

La  Fiamma 

The  Farquhar  Rose 

Paradise 

Minnehaha 


For  Central  New  York  State 

Rev.  E.  M.  Mills,  D.D.,  President  of  the  Syracuse 
(New  York)  Rose  Society,  recommends  the  following  as  the 
best  collection  of  twenty-five  Hybrid  Teas  and  Teas  for 
Syracuse  and  vicinity,  considering  hardiness,  variety  of  color, 
vigor  of  growth,  and  freedom  of  bloom : 


Antoine  Rivoire 
British  Queen 
Chateau  de  CIos  Vougeot 
Duchess  of  Wellington 
Florence  Pemberton 
General  MacArthur 
Gruss  an  Teplitz 
Killarney,  Pink 
Killarney,  White 
Konigin  Carola 


Harry  Kirk 
Lady  Hillingdon 
Marie  Van  Houtte 


Hybrid  Teas 


Lady  Alice  Stanley 

Lady  Ashtown 

Laurent  Carle 

Lyon  Rose 

Mme.  Melanie  Soupert 

Mme.  Segond  Weber 

Miss  Cynthia  Forde 

Mrs.  Aaron  Ward 

Ophelia 

Sunburst 


Teas 


Mrs.  B.  R.  Cant 
Wm.  R.  Smith 


EXPERT  OPINIONS 8i_ 

For  Roslyn  and  Northwest  Long  Island 

Admiral  Aaron  Ward  recommends  the  selection  given 
below.  It  was  based  upon  the  following  requirements:  au- 
tumn blooms  indispensable;  weak  growers  barred;  also 
plants  of  huge  growth,  like  La  Tosca  or  Gruss  an  Teplitz, 
except  for  use  in  mass  effects;  flowers  to  be  full,  no  thinner 
than  Pharisaer;  climbers  not  included. 

Pcrnetiana 

Constance  Mme.  Edouard  Harriot 

Lyon  Rose  Willowmere 

Tea 

Mme.  Antoine  Pvlari  Paula 

Mme.  Jean  Dupuy.  Wm.  R.  Smith 

Marie  Van  Houtte 

Hybrid  Perpetual  Bourbon 

Frau  Karl  Druschki  Souv.  de  la  Malmaison 

Hybrid  Tea 

Augustine  Guinoisseau  Mme.  Leon  Pain 

Amateur  Teyssier  Mme.  Melanie  Soupert 

Chateau  de  CIos  Vougeot  Mme.  Ravary 

Dean  Hole  Mme.  Segond  Weber 

Duchess  of  Wellington  Marquise  de  Sinety 

Earl  of  Warwick  Mons.  Joseph  Hill 
General-Superior    Arnold  Janssen       Mrs.  Aaron  Ward 

General  MacArthur  Mrs.  Amy  Hammond 

Geo.  C.  Waud  Mrs.  A.  R.  Waddell 

Gruss  an  Teplitz  Mrs.  C.  Hunter 

Gustay  Grunerwald  Mrs.  E.  Powel 

Konigin  Carola  Mrs.  George  Shawyer 

Lady  Alice  Stanley  Mrs.  Harold  Brocklebank 

Lady  Ashtown  Mrs.  Theodore  Roosevelt 

Lady  Greenall  Pharisaer 

Laurent  Carle  Prince  de  Bulgarie 

Lieut.  Chaure  Radiance 

Mabel  Drew  Souv.  du  Pres.  Carnot 

Mme.  Abel  Chatenay  St.  Helena 

Mme.  Jules  Bouche  Viscountess  Folkestone 
Mme.  Jules  Grolez 

NOTE. — Frau  Karl  Druschki,  Gruss  an  Teplitz,  and  Mrs.  A.  R. 
Waddell  are  too  vigorous  to  be  grown  with  the  rest.  Mrs.  A.  R.  Wad- 
dell,  Mme.  Edouard  Herriot  and  Mme.  Melanie  Soupert,  are  semi- 
double. 


82 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Rose  beds  of  one  variety  make  a  line  effect 

For  Philadelphia  and  Vicinity 

Dr.  Robert  Huey,  the  eminent  amateur  whose  success 
has  been  an  inspiration  to  many  others,  and  who  is  broadly 
recognized  as  an  authority  on  garden  roses,  recommends 
the  following  varieties : 


Antoine  Rivoire 

Betty 

Caroline  Testout 

Mrs.  MacKellar 

Duchess  of  Wellington 

Ellen  Wilmott 

George  C.  Waud 

Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock 

Joseph  Hill 

Killarney 

Lady  Alice  Stanley 

Lady  Ashtown 

Laurent  Carle 

Lyon 


Hybrid  Teas 

Mabel  Drew 

Mme.  Edouard  Herriot 

Mme.  Hector  Leuillot 

Mme.  Jules  Bouche 

Mme.  Leon  Pain 

Mrs.  Aaron  Ward 

Mrs.  A.  R.  Waddell 

Mrs.  Harold  Brocklebank 

Pharisaer 

Prince  de  Bulgarie 

Robert  Huey 

Viscountess  Folkestone 

Willowmere 


EXPERT  OPINIONS 


Roses  for  Philadelphia  and  Vicinity,  continued 


Frau  Karl  Druschki 
Ulrich  Brunner 
Captain  Hay  ward 
Oscar  Cordel 


Hybrid  Perpetuals 

Baroness  Rothschild 
Mrs.  John  Laing 
Mrs.  George  Dickson 
Susanne  Marie  Rodocanachi 


Tea  Roses  (Hardy) 

Hugo  Roller 
Safrano 


Maman  Cochet 
White  Maman  Cochet 
Harry  Kirk 

Climbing  and  Pillar  Roses 

Reine  Marie  Henriette  Dorothy  Perkins 

Excelsa  Hiawatha 

Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet  Elisa  Robichon 
Gardenia 


For  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  Points  South 

Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet  was  the  hybridizer  of  many  excellent 
roses,  including  especially  the  hardy  climbers  like  American 
Pillar,  Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet,  Mary  Lovett,  and  many  others.  He  is 
now  associated  with  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  and  gives  us  his  opinion  in  the  following  lists: 


Pink 


Killarney,  H.T. 
Mme.  Abel  Chatenay,  H.T. 
Mme.  Gabriel  Luizet,  H.P. 
Maman  Cochet,  T. 
Mrs.  John  Laing,  H.P. 


Cardinal,  H.T. 
Etoile  de  France,  H.T. 
General  MacArthur,  H.T. 
Gruss  an  Teplitz,  H.T. 


My  Maryland,  H.T. 
Paul  Neyron,  H.P. 
Radiance,  H.T. 
Wm.  R.  Smith,  T. 


Red 


J.  B.  Clark,  H.P. 
Richmond,  H.T. 
Ulrich  Brunner,  H.P. 


White 


Frau  Karl  Druschki,  H.P. 
Gloire  Lyonnaise,  H.P. 
Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria,  H.T. 


Killarney,  White,  H.T. 
White  Maman  Cochet,  T. 


Etoile  de  Lyon,  T. 
Lady  Hillingdon,  T. 


Yellow 

Sunburst,  H.  T. 


84 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


For  the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States 

Some  people  are  said  to  have  been  born  with  silver  spoons 
in  their  mouths,  and  correspondingly  the  young  man  who 
recommends  the  following  list,  as  proven  among  the  choice 
"doers"  for  North  Carolina  and  the  South,  might  be  said  to 
have  been  "born  with  a  rose  in  his  buttonhole."  He  was  able 
as  a  schoolboy,  to  identify  almost  any  rose  by  its  foliage  alone. 
After  several  years  in  the  South,  with  his  excellent  powers  of 
observation,  we  feel  that  he  is  well  qualified  to  judge  of  the 
roses  that  can  be  definitely  depended  upon  for  localities 
corresponding  to  the  west-central  part  of  North  Carolina. 


Climbers 


Gruss  an  Teplitz,  Climbing 
Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria,  Climb- 
ing 

Killarney,  Climbing 
Mme.  Eugene  Marlitt 

Bush 


Maman  Cochet,  Climbing 
Marechal  Niel 
Reine  Marie  Henriette 
Souv.  of  Wootton,  Climbing 


Alexander  Hill  Gray 
Duchesse  de  Brabant 
General  MacArthur 
Gruss  an  Aachen 
Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock 
La  Tosca 
Mme.  Melanie  Soupert 

NOTE. — Practically    all    the   vigorous-growing    Bengals,    Noisettes, 
Teas,  and  Hybrid  Teas  are  good  for  the  South. — Editor. 


Maman  Cochet 

Maman  Cochet,  White 

Mrs.  B.  R.  Cant 

Radiance 

Wellesley 

Wm.  R.  Smith 


EXPERT  OPINIONS 85 

For  Chicago  and  the  North 

By  W.  C.  EGAN 

EDITOR'S  NOTE. — People  who  live  in  the  cold  Northwest  may 
think  it  useless  to  attempt  growing  roses,  but,  as  Dr.  Bailey  says, 
"the  success  of  the  rose  in  this  country  is  very  largely  a  question  of 
the  selection  of  adaptable  varieties."  The  Lake  Forest  section,  on  the 
west  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  and  north  of  Chicago,  is  typical  of  a 
large  area  to  the  north  and  west.  In  this  section  there  is  no  one 
better  able  to  speak  from  broad  experience  than  W.  C.  Egan,  the 
eminent  horticulturist  of  Highland  Park.  In  response  to  our  request 
for  a  list  of  roses  best  suited  to  his  cold  country,  he  very  generously 
sent  us  a  contribution  which,  without  further  comment,  we  are 
most  happy  to  present  to  our  readers. 

While  the  section  bordering  Lake  Michigan  from  Chicago 
northward,  called  the  North  Shore  district,  is  not  a  rosarian's 
paradise,  we  can  have  roses  from  early  June  until  frost. 
This  we  can  accomplish  with  but  little  care,  except  in  the 
case  of  the  Hybrid  Teas,  which  require  proper  attention. 
Given  this,  they  flood  us  with  a  shower  of  bloom  that  makes 
them  worthy  of  cultivation,  even  if  we  treat  them  as  annuals, 
and  plant  fresh  stock  each  year.  "Expensive!"  you  say. 
Well,  yes,  to  a  certain  extent;  but  so  are  bedding-plants,  and 
babies,  and  automobiles;  but  the  results  in  all  cases  are 
worth  the  money.  Some  spend  money  lavishly  for  winter 
decorations  that  fade  in  the  night.  The  same  amount,  spent 
for  Hybrid  Teas  planted  out  early  in  the  spring,  gives  one 
pleasure  all  summer.  They  are  easily  cared  for,  if  the  instruc- 
tions given  in  this  work  are  carried  out.  For  those  who  pos- 
sess small  grounds  and  have  but  little  time  to  attend  to  them 
we  have  that  poor  man's  blessing,  the  Rosa  rugosa,  and  its 
hybrids.  This  Japanese  rose  does  not  know  how  to  "catch 
cold,"  and  will  stay  longer  with  you  and  give  far  more  pleas- 
ure than  any  poor  relation.  It  blooms  profusely  in  June  and 
scatteringly  all  through  summer,  ripening  its  bright  red, 
cherry-like  berries  during  the  late  summer  months.  Its 
foliage  is  unusually  fine  and  insect-proof.  This  feature  alone 
should  be  highly  appreciated,  for  the  beauty  of  foliage  is 
more  than  half  the  beauty  of  any  plant.  This  rose  was  known 
to  rosarians  as  early  as  1845,  but  its  beauty  and  hardiness 


86 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

and  its  value  in  hybridizing  were  not  appreciated  until  some 
forty  years  afterward,  when  Mr.  Robert  C.  S.  Carmen,  of 
New  Jersey,  and  M.  Georges  Bruant  of  Poitiers,  France,  gave 
us  the  hybrids,  Agnes  Emily  Carmen,  and  Mme.  Georges 
Bruant.  While  the  former  was  produced  first,  thus  giving 
the  honor  of  producing  the  first  Rugosa  hybrid  to  an  Ameri- 
can, it  was  delayed  in  its  propagation,  and  the  French  rose 
was  the  first  on  the  market.  In  all  of  Mr.  Carmen's  experi- 
ments the  Rugosa  rose  was  the  mother  plant,  and  it  is  a 
singular  fact  that  the  Agnes  Emily  Carmen  rose,  bearing 
flowers  having  the  color  and  scent  of  the  General  Jacque- 
minot rose,  should  have  Harison's  Yellow  as  the  male 
parent.  The  success  of  these  hybridizers  caused  others  to 
enter  the  field,  and  we  now  have  a  host  of  good  forms,  all 
hardy  and  reliable.  Where  these  hybrids  possess  some  Tea 
blood,  unusually  cold  winters  may  kill  them  back  somewhat. 
The  handsome  Rugosa  hybrid,  Conrad  F.  Meyer,  is  some- 
times "cut  back"  in  winter.  This  type  and  its  hybrids  are 
splendidly  adapted  for  forming  entire  hedges  or  large  groups, 
and  may  be  depended  upon  for  flower  and  foliage. 

The  well-known  dwarf  rose,  Hermosa,  and  the  writer  made 
their  first  appearance  before  the  public  at  about  the  same 
time,  and  the  former  has  graced  our  gardens  for  seventy-five 
years.  It  is  reliable  and  hardy  with  but  little  protection,  and 
is  one  of  the  best  bedders  today.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
the  Clothilde  Soupert,  one  of  the  largest-flowered  forms  of 
the  Polyantha  class,  introduced  in  1884.  In  1880,  Veuve 
Ducher  introduced  the  charming  dwarf  Polyantha,  Mile. 
Cecile  Brunner,  the  queen  of  the  so-called  Fairy  rose  class, 
hardy  with  slight  protection,  and  admirable  for  corsage  bou- 
quets. Its  miniature  buds,  so  delightfully  tinted,  are  ad- 
mired by  all,  especially  by  the  gentler  sex. 

Who  has  not  admired  the  Cherokee  rose  of  the  southern 
states,  an  escaped  exotic,  being  the  Chinese  Rosa  sinica, 
that  has  taken  so  kindly  to  the  conditions  offered  as  to 
thrive  there  on  the  waysides  and  fence  corners?  We  of  the 
North  can  have  its  counterpart,  all  except  its  evergreen 
foliage,  in  the  extremely  hardy  Rosa  spinosissima  var.  Altaica, 


88  HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

from  the  Altai  Mountains  in  Siberia.  When  in  bloom,  it  is  a 
charming  sight  in  the  purity  of  its  single,  pure  white  flowers. 
I  cannot  understand  why  this  rose  is  scarce  and  hard  to  find, 
as  in  good  soil  it  suckers  rapidly  and  thus  an  increased  stock 
is  easily  obtained. 

The  old-fashioned  Sweetbriar,  with  its  heaven-born 
perfume,  often  winter-kills  here,  but  I  grow  it  in  among  some 
tall-growing  barberries  through  whose  branches  the  Briar 
thrusts  its  long  canes.  The  barberry  shades  the  Briar  canes 
in  winter  and  but  little  loss  occurs. 

I  tri^d  Lord  Penzance  hybrids  and,  much  to  my  regret, 
could  not  carry  them  over  winter,  so  the  charming  Lady 
Penzance  was  banished  from  "Egandale." 

The  Persian  Yellow  and  Harison's  Yellow,  as  well  as  all 
the  Mosses,  are  hardy  here. 

All  of  the  Baby  Ramblers  do  well  here,  slightly  protected, 
and  are  well  fitted  for  borders  of  large  rose-beds.  ,/Ennchen 
Miiller  is  splendid;  as  a  cut-flower,  each  well-grown  truss  is  a 
bouquet  in  itself;  and,  the  flowers  being  loosely  arranged,  give 
an  airy  elegance  to  the  decoration.  The  color  is  good  in  day- 
light or  electric, — a  desirable  quality  in  any  flower. 

Hybrid  Perpetuals  and  those  grown  as  such  require  winter- 
protection.  Some  stand  this  covered-up  condition  better 
than  others.  Here  is  a  list  I  gave  in  Bailey's  "Cyclopedia 
of  American  Horticulture"  some  years  ago,  and  I  would  not 
change  it  now.  Undoubtedly,  there  are  many  more  that  will 
do  as  well  if  tried,  but  there  are  enough  listed  to  create  a 
garden  for  anyone. 

The  winter  of  1898-1899  was  the  most  severe  in  this  sec- 
tion I  ever  experienced,  and  many  trees  and  shrubs,  con- 
sidered "iron-clad,"  were  killed.  The  following  is  a  list  of 
roses  which  wintered  here  under  protection  and  which  came 
out  in  good  condition: 

Captain  Christy  Louis  Van  Houtte 

Captain  Hayward  Magna  Charta 

Garden  Favorite  Mrs.  Paul 

General  Jacqueminot  Mrs.  R.  G.  Sharman-Crawford 

John  Hopper  Paul  Neyron 

La  Rosiere  Prince  Camille  de  Rchan 


EXPERT  OPINIONS 


89 


The  following  eleven  were  in  fair  condition  and  recovered 
their  form  during  the  season: 


Mme.  Gabriel  Luizet 
Mme.  Victor  Verdier 
Pierre  Netting 
Prince  of  Wales 
Ulrich  Brunner 


Alfred  Colomb 
Anna  de  Diesbach 
Baronne  Provost 
Countess  of  Oxford 
Eugene  Furst 
Lyonnaise 

This  section,  together  with  many  in  the  northern  states, 
suffered  for  the  want  of  a  suitable  number  of  climbing  roses 
that  might  be  carried  over  the  winter  with  an  easily  prepared 
protection,  until  the  advent  of  the  Crimson  Rambler,  which 
reached  England  from  Japan  in  1 878.  This  was  followed  soon 
after  by  Rosa  Wichuraiana  and  its  hybrids.  Up  to  this  time 
we  had  to  be  content  with  Queen  of  the  Prairie,  Baltimore 
Belle,  Russell's  Cottage,  and  Multiflora  rose  Greville,  or 
Seven  Sisters.  The  first  two  were  produced  by  Feast  of 
Baltimore  in  1843  by  hybridizing  that  most  excellent  hardy 
Prairie  rose,  R.  setigera,  with  some  of  the  garden  forms  of  the 
day.  I  have  often  wondered  why  hybridizers  had  not  used 
this  hardy  semi-climbing  rose  more  frequently  in  their  work. 
About  all  the  climbing  roses,  bearing  a  large  percentage 
of  Rugosa  or  Wichurai-  /  ana  blood,  are  hardy  with  a 
slight  protection  in  «|^H  winter.  Which  is  the  best 
is  merely  a  matter  of^^^^F  choice. 


In  Elizabeth   Park  Rose-garden,  Hartford,  Connecticut 


ROSE    PROGRESS 


The  Increasing  Regard  for  Roses 

In  his  book,  "The  Cultivated  Man,"  Charles  W.  Eliot 
says:  "A  brook,  a  hedge-row,  or  a  garden  is  an  inexhaustible 
teacher  of  wonder,  reverence,  and  love." 

Another  one  of  "America's  noblemen,"  G.  A.  Parker*, 
with  exquisite  feeling,  thus  portrays  the  possible  influence  of 
the  rose  on  the  lives  of  men,  when,  in  telling  of  the  rose- 
garden  at  Elizabeth  Park,  he  says: 

"I  have  come  to  think  of  beauty  as  the  love-letter  of  the 
Creator,  through  which  He  is  wooing  us  unto  Himself;  for 
beauty  is  spiritual,  and  not  physical. 

"A  love-letter  is  a  message  into  which  the  sender  puts  a 
part  of  his  very  self,  and  the  one  who  receives  it,  in  some 
mysterious  way,  weaves  it  into  a  part  of  his  very  life.  It 
matters  little  what  words  are  used  or  how  the  message  is 
sent,  providing  it  becomes  a  part  of  the  sender  and  of  the 
receiver.  Surely  the  Creator  uses  a  most  beautiful  form  when 
He  avails  Himself  of  the  roses  to  convey  His  message." 

Among  the  real  rose-lovers  now  scattered  widely  over  our 
great  country,  it  is  difficult  to  conceive  of  a  finer  loyalty  than 
already  exists  toward  the  flower  of  their  choice.  Such  devo- 
tion as  theirs  is  bearing  fruit.  Better  roses  in  their  gardens 
are  arousing  more  abundant  admiration  on  the  part  of  neigh- 
bors. This  results  in  more  "recruits."  Rose  societies  spring 
up  here  and  there.  The  members  help  each  other,  and  more 
and  more  each  one  comes  to  know  the  joy  of  growing  one's 
own  roses.  This  is  just  what  has  been  going  on  in  many  sec- 
tions of  our  great  country.  The  delights  of  rose-growing  have 
been  revealed  to  vastly  increasing  numbers  of  amateurs 
within  the  past  few  years.  The  "garden  magazines"  have 
helped.  The  "garden  clubs"  have  been  a  prominent  factor. 

There  are,  perhaps,  half  a  dozen  rose  men  lecturingf  on  this 
fascinating  subject  and  forwarding  the  good  work.  All  have 
helped,  and  the  combined  efforts  of  these  various  agencies 
are  beginning  to  bloom  into  activities  of  great  promise. 

*"  American  Rose  Annual,"  iQi6,  pages  71,  72. 
t  A  list  of  these  will  be  furnished  on  request. 


92  HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

The  American  Rose  Society 

Ten  years  ago,  what  we  might  call  the  hub  of  these  vari- 
ous movements — the  "American  Rose  Society" — was  in  no 
very  prosperous  state.  Amateurs  had  almost  no  part  in  it. 
Little  attention  was  given  to  outdoor  roses  or  to  rose-gardens. 
All  that  is  changing.  Happily  local  rose  societies  to  the 
number  of  six  have  already  become  affiliated  with  the 
parent  society.  The  American  Rose  Society  has  this  year 
issued,  under  the  able  editorship  of  J.  Horace  McFarland,  a 
"Rose  Annual,"  worthy  to  be  compared  with  that  of  any 
other  national  Rose  Society.  We  recommend  it  to  the  perusal 
of  our  readers.  It  is  not  a  book  of  cultural  information,  but 
rather  treats  of  the  present  status  of  the  rose  in  America,  and 
of  the  current  activities  and  accomplishments  of  amateurs 
and  others  within  and  without  the  American  Rose  Society 
(see  Bibliography,  page  105). 

The  purpose  of  the  American  Rose  Society  is  stated  in 
the  Constitution,  as  follows: 

1.  To  increase  the  general  interest  in  the  cultivation  and  improve 
the  standard  of  excellence  of  the  rose  for  all  the  people. 

2.  To  foster,  stimulate,  and  increase  the  production,  in  every  pos- 
sible way  of  improved  varieties  of  the  rose,  suitable  to  our  American 
climate  and  requirements. 

3.  To  organize  a  system  of  exhibitions  at  such  times  and  places  as 
this  Society  may,  from  time  to  time,  decide  on;  to  offer  prizes  of  money, 
of  gold,  silver,  and  bronze  medals,  and  certificates  of  merit,  for  meri- 
torious new  varieties  of  roses;  also  to  offer  prizes  of  money,  cups,  etc., 
for  excellence  of  exhibits  made  at  shows  held  by  the  Society. 

It  is  also  proposed  that  the  Society  disseminate  to  its  members  the 
latest  information  pertaining  to  the  rose,  recommending  new  varieties 
of  undoubted  merit;  describing  the  best  methods  of  culture,  how  to 
fight  insect  and  fungoid  pests,  the  proper  use  of  manures;  and  giving 
other  information  from  the  pens  of  leading  experts  that  will  be  worth 
many  times  the  cost  of  membership,  especially  to  amateurs. 

The  Editor  of  this  book  for  several  years  has  been  asso- 
ciated with  the  work  of  The  American  Rose  Society  and  is 
warmly  interested  in  its  progress.  He  would  feel  very  much 
pleased,  therefore,  if  this  little  work  might  bring  more  rose- 
lovers  into  membership  with  it.  Full  information  regarding 
fees  and  privileges  will  be  cheerfully  furnished  upon  appli- 
cation to  Editor  "How  to  Grow  Roses,"  West  Grove,  Pa. 


_  ROSE  PROGRESS  _  93 

Rose  Test-Gardens 

But  perhaps  the  most  important  step  of  all  in  the  last 
few  years  for  the  American  rose  world  is  the  establishment, 
in  various  geographical  locations,  of  rose  test-gardens: 

At  Arlington  Gardens,  Washington,  D.  C.,  known  as  the 
National  Rose  Test-garden;  under  the  care  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture. 

At  Ithaca,  New  York;  under  the  care  of  the  College  of 
Agriculture  of  Cornell  University. 

At  Hartford,  Connecticut;  under  the  care  of  the  authori- 
ties of  Elizabeth  Park. 

At  Minneapolis,  Minnesota;  under  the  care  of  the  authori- 
ties of  Lyndale  Park. 

To  each  of  these  gardens  already  have  been  sent,  on  an 
average,  nearly  four  hundred  varieties,  and  from  one  to  two 
thousand  roses,  which  this  year  will  be  ready  for  test  and 
determination  of  kinds  that  may  be  recommended  in  each 
locality.  Established  thus  under  the  care  of  permanently 
organized  institutions  and  under  the  thoroughgoing  care  and 
attention  of  able  specialists,  there  is  promise  of  collecting 
most  valuable  information  for  amateur  rose-growers  living 
in  climates  corresponding  to  these  spots.  The  guidance 
available  from  such  tests  is  bound,  we  think,  to  prove  a  great 
boon  in  saving  beginners,  especially,  from  loss  entailed  by 
trying  out  unworthy  sorts. 

The  official  scale  of  points  heretofore  used  by  the  Amer- 
ican Rose  Society  for  judging  outdoor  roses  is  as  follows: 


Floriferousness    .    .    .    .    .  20 

Vigor .    .  20 

Color .    •„""  .  15 

Size 15 


Form   ,    .  '  .    '.-.'..    .    .    .     i  o 

Substance   .......     10 

Fragrance    .......     10 

100 


These  tests  should  serve  to  center  attention  upon  the 
need  in  America  for  more  roses  adapted  to  our  varied  climatic 
conditions,  and  thus  encourage  hybridizers  to  the  work  of 
developing  our  native  species. 

Another  of  the  noteworthy  steps  forward  in  the  past  few 
years  is  the  awakening  of  city  authorities  to  the  possibilities 
and  value  of  municipal  rose-gardens. 


ROSE  PROGRESS 95 

Municipal  Rose-Gardens 

Hartford,  Connecticut,  was  the  pioneer  for  America;  and 
she  builded  well.  Starting  in  1904,  in  Elizabeth  Park,  there 
were  laid  out  one  and  one-quarter  acres.  This  the  author 
visited  first  upon  his  return  from  a  tour  among  the  more 
prominent  rose-gardens  in  England,  Ireland,  Holland,  Ger- 
many, and  France.  While  delighted  with  the  cultural  suc- 
cess and  magnificent  show  of  varieties,  there  seemed  in  the 
ensemble  much  to  be  desired  in  the  matter  of  treatment  and 
arrangement.  This  will  probably  be  true  of  most  of  the  test- 
gardens  referred  to  in  the  above  section,  because  beauty  of 
landscape  effect  is  not  the  first  thing  sought  for  in  a  rose- 
garden  made  primarily  for  test  purposes,  although  the  more 
there  is  of  grace  and  beauty,  of  charm  and  enchantment,  by 
reason  of  the  arrangement,  of  course,  the  better  it  is. 

But  Hartford  led  the  way,  and  nobly  continues  to  render 
this  nation,  at  least  the  northeastern  part  of  it,  a  great  ser- 
vice. She  showed  that  even  a  little  public  rose-garden,  well 
done,  begets  enthusiastic  public  appreciation.  Mr.  G.  A. 
Parker,  Superintendent  of  Parks,  of  Hartford,  reports 
116,000  people  having  visited  this  rose-garden  in  one  year. 
There  are  in  it  three  hundred  different  varieties  of  roses  and 
about  fifteen  hundred  separate  plants,  and  the  cost,  both  for 
construction  and  maintenance,  in  eleven  years  has  been 
$0.0173  per  visitor.  But  as  for  its  influence  upon,  and  value 
to,  the  people  who  have  come  to  see  it,  no  money  estimates 
can  be  made.  If  any  reader  feels  inclined  to  doubt  this  last 
statement,  permit  us  to  suggest  that  he  submit  his  feelings 
to  the  test  of  a  visit. 

There  are  many  American  cities  which  have  roses  in  their 
parks,  and  these  cities  are  extending  their  plantings;  but  as 
yet  only  a  limited  number  have  definitely  set  apart,  and 
regularly  arranged  for,  a  real  rose-garden. 

If  any  of  our  readers  have  the  opportunity  to  visit  Port- 
land, Oregon,  certainly  one  of  the  sights  of  that  city  of  won- 
derful promise  is  the  municipal  rose-garden.  It  is  larger,  per- 
haps, than  that  of  Hartford, — a  sunken  garden  with  rose- 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Municipal  Rose-garden,  Cleveland,  Ohio.    One  year  old 

covered  terraces;  a  fountain-centered  system  of  walks  and  a 
large  amount  of  growth;  and,  as  nearly  every  rose-lover 
knows,  a  gratifyingly  long  season  of  bloom.  It  is,  we  believe, 
true  of  Portland,  as  of  no  other  city,  that  the  commercial 
men  have  long  realized  the  value  of  the  rose  and  its  exploita- 
tion as  an  indirect,  though  very  definite  means  of  spreading, 
world-wide,  the  fame  of  that  rose-favored  corner  of  the 
earth.  This  is  a  reason  why  there  is  enthusiasm  in  Portland 
back  of  the  conception  to  establish  in  another  part  of  the  city 
another  municipal  rose-garden  that  shall  outclass  any  other 
in  America.  And  why  should  Portland  not  do  so?  The  author 
would  enjoy  telling  his  readers  much  more  about  the  mag- 
nificent hedges  of  roses  in  Portland;  of  the  great  annual  rose- 
festivals,  with  electrical  displays;  of  many  different  parades; 
of  automobiles;  of  the  Royal  Rosarians  and  their  Queen  of  the 
Roses  with  her  attendants, — all  doing  homage  to  the  rose. 

Last  spring  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  for  the  first  time  there 
appeared,  on  display,  a  most  creditable  municipal  rose-gar- 
den, its  success  being  due  in  large  measure,  doubtless,  to  the 
able  hand  of  their  superintendent  of  parks.  No  climbing 


ROSE  PROGRESS 


97 


roses  surrounded  it  when  the  author  enjoyed  its  rich  June 
bloom  in  1915,  but  the  varieties  had  been  well  chosen  for 
that  locality,  and  arranged  in  good  taste.  All  were  bush 
roses  and  were  grouped  in  beds,  with  an  arrangement  of 
walks  making  the  annually  recurring  display  easily  accessible 
to  large  numbers  of  people.  Time  and  growth,  with  the  good 
care  it  is  sure  to  get,  will  furnish  the  softening  and  enriching 
effect  that  only  age  can  supply.  It  is  a  splendid  beginning, 
and  such  as  one  would  expect  of  Cleveland. 

And  so,  in  sequence,  might  be  mentioned  a  few  other 
cities  whose  activities  along  this  line  have  come  to  the 
attention  of  the  author. 

Syracuse,  New  York,  has  now  the  beginning  of  a  most 
creditable  municipal  rose-garden,  the  result  of  a  demand 
made  by  the  citizens,  promoted  by  an  energetic  rose  society 
and  its  indefatigable  president,  Rev.  E.  M.  Mills,  D.D. 
Long  life  to  him ! 

And  this  spring  (1916)  will  doubtless  see  the  beginning  of  a 
real  rose-garden  in  the  Bronx  Park  system  of  New  York  City. 
The  New  York  Horti- 
cultural Society  and  affili- 
ated organizations  have 
planned  the  establish- 
ment of  a  rose-planting 
that  promises  to  rejoice 
the  hearts  of  countless 
thousands  of  people.  Let 
us  all  hope  that  it  may 
be  made  easily  accessible 
to  those  who  most  need 
the  inspiration  and  pleas- 
ure which  such  a  garden 
will  be  so  well  calculated 
to  furnish.  Compare  with 
this  of  Paris  the  Muni- 
cipal Rose -Garden  of 
Minneapolis,  illustrated 

0  View  in  the  Bagetelle  Municipal 

page  28,  Rose-garden,  Paris 


o8 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Roses,  roses  everywhere 

A  Famous  Rose-Garden 

The  most  beautiful  rose-garden  I  have  yet  found  in  either 
America  or  Europe  was  near  Paris.    Accompanied  by  Mrs. 
Pyle,  I  arrived  at  the  Roseraie  de  L'Hay  early  one  day,  and 
we  lingered  there  till  sunset,  enchanted.   A 
permanent  rose-garden  with  thousands 
of  varieties,  it  includes  roses  said  to 
have    originated     in     the    sixth 
century    B.C.     Roses    from 
every  continent  are  arranged 
and  trained  in  all  imaginable 
styles,  from  borders  of  Baby 
Ramblers    to     giant     Tree 
roses,    15     feet    high    and 
10    feet    spread.     Tunnels 
completely    covered    with 
climbing       roses      form 
outlooks  through  the  gar- 
den, with    here    a   bit   of 
statuary,  there  a  fountain 
flashing   in   the   sunshine, 
with    roses,    roses    every- 


Note  this  giant  Tree  rose 


where,    from    the    broad- 


ROSERAIE   DE   L'HAY 


99 


And  here  we  lingered  till  sunset 

petaled,  deep  red  Lion  climber  to  the  splendid  M.  Graver- 
eaux,  named  in  honor  of  the  owner  of  this  magnificent 
garden.  We  strolled  down  the  long,  box-bordered  pathways, 
with  familiar  faces  among  the  roses  looking  up  at  us  from  beds 
at  our  feet,  and  climbers  looking  straight  at  us, 
and  half-beckoning  from  either  side,  as  we 
passed,  until,  spellbound,  we  stood  and 
gazed  down  the  long  vista  of  color- 
covered  beds,  back-bordered  with 
still  other  climbers  in  bloom. 
And  this  is  only  one  picture 
out  of  hundreds  of  such! 
What  a  love  for  the  rose 
must  have  helped  to 
fashion  the  quiet  arbors 
and  festooned  balustrades, 
the  archway  entrances, 
artistic  screens,  and  dis- 
appearing pathways,  so 
well  planned  that  every 
turn  brought  a  fresh  sur- 
prise, each  one  more 
entrancing  than  the 

Other  !  The  Temple  of  Love 


ioo HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

Finally,  so  well  hidden  by  an  encircling  temple  of  trees 
that  we  nearly  missed  it,  was  an  open-air  theater  with  turf 
seats,  and  along  the  front  of  the  stage,  for  footlights,  was  a 
brilliant  row  of  blooming  roses.  There,  amid  this  paradise,  in 
charming  French  fashion,  our  host  entertained  his  guests 
with  a  musical  recital.  Can  you  wonder,  therefore,  that  invi- 
tations to  this  garden  are  cherished? — for  one  can  enter  by 
invitation  only.  Write  us,  reader,  when  you  are  nearing  Paris, 
and  let  us  give  you  our  card  to  this  patron  of  roses,  Mons. 
Jules  Gravereaux,  honored  by  Emperors. 

[From  notes  and  photographs  taken  by  Robert  Pyle, 
President  of  The  Conard  &  Jones  Co.,  West  Grove,  Pa.,  on 
the  occasion  when  he  represented  the  American  Rose  Society 
and  acted  as  judge  at  the  International  Contest  of  Garden 
Roses  at  Bagatelle,  Paris,  June,  1911.] 

The  Red  Rose  Church  at  Manheim 

We  know  of  no  more  unique  ceremony  in  America  than 
Manheim's  "Feast  of  Roses."  In  1750,  Baron  Heinrich  Wil- 
helm  Stiegel,  coming  from  Germany,  settled  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  founded  the  little  town  of  Man- 
heim. He  prospered  in  business  and  later  deeded  to  the 
Lutheran  congregation  (which  he  organized  in  1769)  a  plot 
of  ground  for  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship  with  the 
following  stipulation:  "yielding  and  paying  therefor  at  the 
said  town  of  Manheim,  in  the  month  of  June,  yearly  forever 
after,  the  rent  of  ONE  RED  ROSE,  if  the  same  shall  be  law- 
fully demanded." 

And  now  each  year,  with  appropriate  exercises,  the  con- 
gregation of  the  Manheim  Lutheran  Church  pays  to  the  heirs 
of  Baron  Stiegel  the  unique  ground-rent  of  "one  red  rose," 
and  each  year  recalls  the  memory  of  a  man  who,  though 
"dying  in  poverty,  had  yet  left  the  noblest  of  all  memorials,  the 
love,  reverence,  and  gratitude  of  a  community  whose  industry 
he  had  stimulated,  whose  ideals  he  had  fostered,  for  whose 
spiritual  welfare  he  had  made  permanent  provision."  (Pub- 
lished with  the  permission  of  the  pastor,  Rev.  A.  E.  Cooper.) 


ROSE  TRINKETS  101 


Rose-Beads 

For  the  following  formula  the  author  is  indebted  to  a 
good  friend  of  his  from  New  York  State,  whose  experience  in 
making  rose-beads  is  far  more  extensive  than  his  own. 

"Gather  the  petals  of  roses — even  newly  fallen  ones  will 
do — till  you  have,  say,  half  a  peck.  Grind  these  through 
a  meat-chopper  till  they  become  pulp.  In  order  to  have  the 
beads  jet-black  when  finished,  place  this  pulp  in  an  iron  pan, 
or,  lacking  that,  mix  in  a  teaspoonful  of  ground  copperas  (ferri 
sulphas),  and  stir  thoroughly;  the  mixture  will  soon  become 
brown.  Set  it  now  in  the  sun  or  a  warm  oven  till  it  gets  black. 
After  this,  put  all  through  the  meat-chopper  again  till  it 
becomes  like  putty,  and  then  form  the  beads.  They  can  be 
made  any  shape  you  like, — round,  square,  hexagonal,  etc., — 
but  form  them  twice  the  size  you  wish  to  have  them  when 
finished.  Rolling  them  into  little  balls  with  the  hand  will 
make  smooth  beads.  If  you  wish  them  figured,  the  butt- 
end  of  a  steel  writing-pen  is  a  convenient  tool,  to  be  used,  of 
course,  when  the  beads  are  still  soft.  When  properly  formed, 
transfix  them  to  a  board  with  a  pin,  then  keep  them  hot  and 
dry,  and  in  two  or  three  days  they  will  become  small  and 
hard,  and  may  be  strung  through  the  hole  left  when  the  pin 
is  removed." 

A  European  authority  gives  us  a  slightly  different  formula, 
and  recommends  using  a  mortar  instead  of  the  more  prosaic 
and  modern  meat-chopper. 

"Freshly  gathered  rose-petals  are  beaten  into  a  pulp  and 
then  dried,  but  before  becoming  completely  dry,  rose-water  is 
added  and  they  are  again  beaten  and  dried,  the  operation 
being  repeated  till  the  pulp  has  become  very  smooth.  Then 
the  desired  shape  is  given  and  they  are  perforated  in  order  to 
thread  them,  and  so  a  kind  of  bead  is  formed,  which  is  dried. 
When  they  have  become  very  hard,  they  are  smoothed  and 
polished,  after  which  they  are  rubbed  with  oil-of-roses  in 
order  to  give  them  more  perfume  and  gloss.  If  a  brass  mortar 
be  used,  the  pulp  takes  a  deep  black  color,  through  the  action 
on  the  metal  of  the  gallic  acid  contained  in  the  roses.  On 


102 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

the  other  hand,  if  a  marble  mortar  be  used,  blue  and  red  and 
other  colored  beads  can  be  manufactured  according  to  the 
coloring  materials  employed.  The  black  beads  are  most 
highly  prized.  They  have  been  manufactured  principally  at 
Adrianople,  Smyrna,  and  Constantinople." 

Attar  of  Roses 

The  reader  will  notice  on  another  page  a  short  account  of 
a  visit  made  to  that  most  beautiful  rose-garden  south  of  Paris, 
the  Roseraie  de  L'Hay.  Many  chapters  might  be  written 
of  this  little  paradise  about  which  clusters  so  much  of  inter- 
est to  a  rose-lover.  But  there  is  in  that  wonderful  garden  a 
quaint  thatched  "summer-house,"  as  we  in  America  might 
call  it,  rose-embowered.  On  the  occasion  of  the  author's 
visit,  there  was  at  work  in  the  little  cottage  a  white-aproned 
chemist  with  large-sized  retort,  test-tubes,  spirit-lamps,  and 
other  appliances.  The  rose-petals  which  had  been  gathered 
in  the  garden  were  being  reduced  to  essence  or  attar  of  roses. 
M.  Gravereaux  has  improved  the  method  of  extracting  the 
oils,  and,  furthermore,  has  proved  by  extensive  experiments 
that  certain  perpetual-flowering  roses,  like  Caroline  Testout, 
and  others,  are  capable  of  producing  a  much  larger  amount 
of  the  essence  than  the  Damask  and  Centifolia  roses  here- 
tofore largely  used. 

The  method  employed  by  M.  Gravereaux  is  superior  to 
that  of  the  Bulgarians,  Persians,  and  Algerians,  whose 
apparatus  is  most  primitive,  as  the  following  will  indicate: 
The  rose-petals  must  be  distilled  as  they  are  picked,  other- 
wise much  of  their  odor  will  be  lost.  They  are  brought  right 
to  the  stills,  which  are  made  of  copper,  and  there  mixed  with 
only  water,  the  quality  of  which  is  said  considerably  to  in- 
fluence the  essence  distilled.  After  having  twice  boiled  down 
the  mixture  to  one-eighth  or  one-tenth  its  original  volume,  it 
is  allowed  to  cool,  and  is  set  in  open  bowls  at  a  constant 
temperature.  Gradually  the  essence  rises  and  swims  on  the 
surface  in  yellowish  patches,  which  are  skimmed  off  with  a 
mother-of-pearl  spoon.  This  operation,  usually  falling  upon 


BRIDESMAID  is  most  appropriately  named,  suggestive  of 
what  is  best  among  the  prettiest  pink  Tea  Roses 


104 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

the  eldest  member  of  the  family,  is  carried  out  with  a 
solemnity  befitting  its  importance.  What  this  must  mean  to 
the  peasants  is  better  understood  when  we  realize  how 
feather-light  rose-petals  are,  and  that  150  pounds  (2,400 
ounces)  of  them  ordinarily  yield  less  than  one  ounce  of  the 
essence  of  the  rose. 

It  is  not  to  be  marveled  at,  therefore,  that  it  is  expensive, 
not  alone  for  the  above  reason,  but  also  because  of  its  impor- 
tance in  the  fabrication  of  the  finest  perfumes.  It  has,  fur- 
thermore, the  valuable  quality  of  increasing  and  fixing  other 
perfumes,  just  as  the  rose  itself  has  the  quality  of  develop- 
ing in  those  who  work  with  it  qualities  of  fine  moral 
character. 

Hybridizing 

This  book  attempts  in  no  way  to  cover  the  subject  of 
hybridizing,  save  to  refer  to  some  sources  of  information  re- 
garding a  work  that  calls  for  long-sustained  attention,  and 
almost  limitless  patience,  with  no  assurance  as  to  results. 
Amateurs,  as  well  as  professional  rose-growers,  have  made 
valuable  contributions  to  our  lists  of  roses,  and  certainly  the 
future  must  offer  more  adequate  recompense  to  the  success- 
ful breeder  of  roses  than  has  been  the  case  in  the  past. 

Rev.  Joseph  H.  Pemberton*,  for  the  beginner,  gives 
directions  that  appear  to  be  easily  followed  by  one  who  has 
the  time  and  facilities  to  undertake  the  work. 

Every  hybridizer  will  be  interested  also  in  the  articles  by 
Dr.  White  and  Dr.  Van  Fleet  in  "The  American  Rose  Annual'* 
for  1916;  also  in  the  "Stammbuch  der  Edelrosen,"  by  Dr. 
G.  Kruger.  The  edition  of  this  work,  published  in  1906,  at 
Trier,  Germany,  contains  a  most  complete  listing  of  the 
hybridized  roses  in  commerce,  including  parentage,  hybri- 
dizer, and  date  of  issue.  For  example,  under  Caroline  Tes- 
tout,  are  given  fifty-eight  immediate  descendants,  showing 
also  the  name  of  the  other  parent  in  all  except  nine  cases.  It 
would  seem  to  be  an  invaluable  work  for  anyone  who  wishes 
to  undertake  hybridizing. 

*  "Roses,"  page  229  (see  Bibliography). 


FOR  WINTER  EVENINGS  105 

Bibliography 

Beginning  with  "The  Rose  Manual,"  by  Robert  Buist,  in 
1884,  there  have  been  issued  in  America  at  least  eighteen 
different  works,  the  most  noteworthy  of  which  we  list  below: 

THE  ROSE.    By  H.  B.  Ellwanger.    1882.    293  pp.    Dodd,  Mead  &  Co., 

New  York.    This  was  long  the  standard  rose  book. 
A  BOOK  ABOUT  ROSES.    By  S.  Reynolds  Hole.    1883.    326  pp.   Wm.  S. 

Gottsberger,  New  York.    An  American  reprint  of  a  standard  English 

work.   Highly  entertaining  work  on  roses,  and  most  inspiring. 
ROSES  AND  How  TO  GROW  THEM.    Collected  magazine  articles.    1910. 

199  pp.    Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  Garden  City,  N.  Y. 
COMMERCIAL  ROSE-CULTURE.    By  Eber  Holmes.    1911.    165  pp.   A.  T. 

De  la  Mare  Printing  and  Publishing  Company,  New  York. 
MAKING  A  ROSE-GARDEN.    By  H.  H.  Saylor.    1912.    53  pp.  McBride, 

Nast  &  Co.,  New  York. 

EVERBLOOMING    ROSES    FOR    THE    OUTDOOR    GARDEN.      By    Georgia    T. 

Drennan.    1912.    262  pp.    Duffield  &  Co.,  New  York. 
THE  PRACTICAL  BOOK  OF  OUTDOOR  ROSE-GROWING.    By  George  C. 

Thomas,  Jr.    1914.    156  pp.  and  96  plates  in  color,  etc.   J.  B.  Lippin- 

cott  Company. 
THE  AMERICAN  ROSE  ANNUAL.     1916.    Published  by  the  J.  Horace 

McFarland   Company,    Harrisburg,    Pa.,    for   The   American   Rose 

Society.    Contributions  upon  roses,  rose-growing  and  rose-gardens. 

Recounts  the  year's  activities.    Free  to  members,  or  may  be  had  in 

paper  binding  from  the  publisher  at  50  cents  each,  while  they  last. 

The  following  are  all  edited  from  the  English  standpoint: 
ROSES:  THEIR  HISTORY,  DEVELOPMENT,  AND  CULTIVATION.    By  Rev. 
Joseph  H.  Pemberton,  Vice-President  of  the  National  Rose  Society. 
1908.    336  pp.    Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  London  and  New  York. 
ROSES  AND  ROSE-GROWING.    By  Rose  G.  Kingsley.    1908.    163  pp.,  28 

Macmillan  Companv,  New  York 


[908.    336  pp.    Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  London  and  New  York. 
>SES  AND  ROSE-GROWING.    By  Rose  G.  Kingsley.    1908.    163  pp.. 
full-page  color-plates.    The   Macmillan  Company,  New  York  and 
London.  With  special  attention  to  the  best  roses  in  each  of  the  various 


classes,  regarded  from  the  English  viewpoint. 

ROSES  FOR  ENGLISH  GARDENS.  By  Gertrude  Jekyll  and  Edward 
Mawley.  1902.  164  pp.  George  Newnes,  Ltd.,  London.  Although 
relating  to  English  gardens,  it  is,  nevertheless,  most  entertaining,  and 
by  its  thoroughness  helps  to  clear  up  many  questions  left  unan- 
swered by  other  authorities. 

ROSE-GROWING  MADE  EASY.  By  E.  T.  Cook.  200  pp.  Another  English 
publication,  suggestive  and  helpful,  and  written  apparently  by  one 
with  long  years  of  first-hand  experience. 

THE  ROSE  BOOK.  A  complete  guide  for  amateur  rose-growers  by  H.  H. 
Thomas.  1913.  283  pp.  Profusely  illustrated.  Treats  well  the  various 
uses  to  which  roses  may  be  put. 

For  a  list  of  rose  books  in  all  languages  the  "Cyclopedia 
of  American  Horticulture"  refers  us  to  the  "Bibliografia  de 
la  Rosa,"  Vergara,  Madrid,  1892. 


io6 HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 

Synonymous  Roses 

Some  roses  have  acquired  new  names  that  seem  to  be  an 
improvement;  for  example,  Dutch  Beauty  in  place  of 
Veluwezoom.  Another  case  is  Mme.  Norbert  Levavasseur; 
when  once  planted  and  thoroughly  domesticated,  she 
answers  to  the  name  of  Red  Baby  Rambler.  But,  if  you 
wish  to  order  Red  Baby  Rambler,  remember  there  are  nearly 
half  a  dozen  roses  so  called;  so,  if  you  want  to  be  certain, 
refer  to  the  following  list  for  guidance.  Renaming  a  rose 
with  intent  to  deceive  has  come  to  be  regarded  by  rosarians 
as  a  crime.  When  a  second  name  is  adopted  for  the  sake  of 
euphony,  the  original  name  should  be  carried  in  parentheses. 

Anna  de  Diesbach H.P.     .     .     .  Gloire  de  Paris 

Baby  Dorothy,  Pink P.          ...  Maman  Levavasseur 

Baby  Rambler,  Pink P Maman  Levavasseur 

Baby  Rambler,  Red P Mme.  Norbert  Levavasseur 

Baby  Rambler,  White       .     .     .     .  P Katherine  Zeimet 

Baby  Rambler,  Yellow     .    .    .    .  P Etoile  de  Mai 

Baby  Tausendschon P Louise  Walter 

Baby  Tausendschon      ....       P Echo 


Ball  of  Snow  . 
Dorothy  Dennison.   . 
Dorothy  Perkins    .    . 
Dorothy  Perkins,  Red 
Dutch  Beauty    .    .    . 
Green  Rose     .... 
Killarney,  Striped 
Killarney,  Orange 
La  France,  Red      .    . 
La  France,  Striped    . 
La  France,  White 
La  Reine  des  Neige 
Magnolia  Rose 


H.P.     .    .    .  Perle  des  Blanches 

W Lady  Godiva 

H.W.        .    .  Lady  Gay 
H.W.       .    .  Excelsa 
H.T.    .    .    .  Veluwezoom 
C Viridiflora 


H.T.  .  .  .  Spectacular 

H.T.  .  .  Duchess  of  Wellington 

H.T.  .  .  Duchess  of  Albany 

H.T.  .  .  Mme.  Angel  Vayssett 

H.T.  .  .  Mile.  Aug.  Guinoisseau 

H.P.  Frau  Karl  Druschki 


T.     .    .    .       Devoniensis 
Maman  Cochet,  Yellow   ....  H.T.    .    .    .  Mme.  Derepas-Matrat 

Maman  Levavasseur P Baby  Dorothy 

Mignon   .  .  P.  .  Cecile  Brunner 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Cutbush P Mrs.  Taft 

Mrs.  W.  J.  Grant      H.T.    .    .    .  Belle  Siebrecht 

Prima  Donna H.T.    .    .    .  Mme.  P.  Euler 

Prince  Camille  de  Rohan     .    .    .  H.P.     ...  La  Roseire 

Queen,  The T Souv.  de  S.  A.  Prince 

Rambler,  Golden       N Alister  Stella  Gray 

Rambler,  Pink        Mult.       .    .  Euphrosine 

Rambler,  White Mult.  .    .    .  Thalia 

Rambler,  Yellow Mult.  .    .    .  Aglaia 

Sweetheart P Cecile  Brunner 

Thousand  Beauties Mult.  .    .    .  Tausendschon 

Virginia  R.  Coxe H.T.    .    .    .  Gruss  an  Teplitz 

White  American  Beauty       ...  H.P.     ...  Frau  Karl  Druschki 

Wm.  R.  Smith T.         ...  Charles  Dingee 

Wm.  R.  Smith T.         ...  Jeannette  Heller 

N.B. — See  also  common  names  to  rose  species,  foot  of  page  107. 


THE  FAMILY  ROSA  107 

Analysis  of  Species 

It  is  doubtful  if  anyone  will  have  come  thus  far  in  this 
little  book,  who  is  not,  with  the  author,  a  real  seeker  ajter 
truth.  Just  as  the  story  of  man  becomes  doubly  interesting 
as  we  trace  back  his  development  from  the  earlier  types  of 
man,  so  with  the  rose.  A  present-day  Radiance  or  Rayon 
d'Or  is  a  vastly  more  fascinating  object  of  attention  when 
one  can  go  to  another  corner  of  the  garden  and  point  out  to 
visitors  the  true  progenitor  of  that  race.  Hybridizing  deserves 
a  complete  chapter  of  its  own.  Right  here  let  us  study  what 
has  been  done  by  the  guiding  hand  of  man.  Family  charts  are 
a  useful  aid  in  pointing  out  relationships.  A  diagram  may  be 
more  illuminating  than  many  pages  of  description.  There- 
fore, as  an  introduction  to  the  various  best-known  classes, 
pause  a  moment  to  survey*  this  analysis  of  species  on  the 
two  following  pages.  This  the  author  conceives  to  be  a  most 
helpful  outline  of  the  many,  many  families  that  make  up 
this  interesting  race  of  flowers. 

In  this  book  there  has  not  been  room  to  describe  the  rose 
species.  We  would,  however,  call  special  attention  to  cer- 
tain "types"  which  we  have  starred  in  the  following  list. 
Their  place  is  not  in  a  bed  with  the  Teas  or  Hybrid  Teas. 
Consider  for  example,  Hugonis — that  recent  acquisition  from 
China.  In  three  seasons  it  will  be  4  to  5  feet  high  and 
in  bloom  two  weeks  earlier  than  the  early-blooming  Harison's 
Yellow.  And  so  with  others:  they  are  unique,  hardy, 
vigorous.  They  need  only  to  be  fittingly  placed  to  give  to 
the  garden  a  charm  and  distinction  quite  above  the  ordinary. 

*The  following  two  pages  are  published  here  with  permission  and  by 
courtesy  of  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  New  York.,  from  their  book,  "Roses: 
Their  History,  Development,  and  Cultivation,"  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton 
(see  page  105). 

The  reader  will  note  how  far  removed  from  the  original  species  are  both 
the  Tea  and  Hybrid  Tea  families,  whereas,  from  many  species  there  has 
been  almost  no  development  at  all. 

Equivalents  of  our  common  names  to  some  of  those  on  next  pages: 
Champney     .         .    .  Noisettiana  Moss Muscosa 


Cherokee 

Eglantine 
Memorial 


.  Laevigata  Musk Moschata 

.  Canina  Prairie Setigera 

.  Rubiginosa  Scotch Spinpsissima 

.  Wichuraiana  Sweetbriar      ....  Rubiginosa 


Hybrid  Tea 


w         3 

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OH  -a   S-O^TH 

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HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Roses  Arranged  in  Classes 

In  order  that  the  various  classes  may  be  studied  better 
as  to  their  characteristics,  we  hereunder  group  the  more 
important  varieties.  French,  German,  and  English  authori- 
ties differ  somewhat  in  placing  a  few  kinds.  Regarding  the 
following  lists,  however,  they  are  in  substantial  agreement. 
In  case  of  differences  we  have  relied  upon  the  country  of 
origin  as  our  authority,  e.g.,  Harison's  Yellow. 

Austrian  Briar,  or  Lutea 


Austrian  Copper 
Austrian  Yellow 


*Harison's  Yellow 
*Persian  Yellow 


Hybrid  Austrian  Briar,  or  Pernetiana 


*Beaute  de  Lyon 
*Constance 
Juliet 


*Louise    Catherine 

Breslau 
*Mme.  Edouard  Herriot 


*MurieI  Dickson 
*Rayon  d'Or 
*SoIeiI  d'Or 


Bengal 


Archduke  Charles 
Douglas 


LucuIIus 

Maddalena  Scalarandis 


Appoline 

''Beauty  of  Rosemawr 
Burbank 


Agrippina 
*Hermosa 


Bourbon 

*Champion  of  the  World 
*Mme.  Eugene  Marlitt 


China 

Pink  Daily 
*Queen's  Scarlet 


Santa  Rosa 
*Souv.  de  la  Malmaison 


Viridifloraf 


Damask 


Mrs.  O.  C   Orpen 


*York  and  Lancaster 


Alfred  Colomb 
Alphonse  Soupert 
American  Beauty 
*Anna  de  Diesbachf 
Antoine  Wintzer 


Hybrid  Perpetual 

Ards  Rover  Belle  d'Orleans 

Ball  of  Snow  *Candeur  Lyonnaise 

Captain  Christy 
Captain  Hay  ward 
Charles  Wagner 


Barbarossa 
Baroness  Rothschild 
Baron  de  Bonstetten 


REFERENCE  MARKS  EXPLAINED 

The  asterisk  ( *)  indicates  leading  varieties  described  on  pages  43  to  62. 
The  dagger  (f)  indicates  roses  with  two  names  and  refers  to  list  of  syn- 
onymous roses. 


ROSES  ARRANGED  IN  CLASSES 


1 1 


Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses,  continued 

Cheshunt  Hybrid 

*GIoire  Lyonnaise 

Marshall  P.  Wilder 

*CIio 

Glory  of  Paris 

*Mrs.  John  Laing 

Commander  Jules 

Heinrich  Munch 

Mrs.  R.  G.  Sharman- 

Gravereaux 

*Hugh  Dickson 

Crawford 

Coquette  des  Alpes 

*J.  B.  Clark 

Oakmont 

Coquette  des  Blanches 

John  Hopper 

Paula  Clegg 

*Coronation 

John  Keynes 

*PauI  Neyron 

Eugene  Furst 

Jubilee 

*Prince  Camille  de 

Francois  Levet 

Lady  Helen  Stewart 

Rohanf 

*Frau  Karl  Druschkif 

La  Reine 

Rembrandt 

*GeneraI  Jacqueminot 

Mme.  Charles  Wood 

*Roger  Lambelin 

George  Arends 

Mme.  Masson 

Tom  Wood 

Giant  of  Battles 

Mile.  Louise  Crette 

*UIrich  Brunner 

*GIoire  de  Chedane 

*Magna  Charta 

Vick's  Ca'price 

Guinoisseau 

Marchioness  of  Lome 

Victor  Verdier 

Gloire  de  Margottin 

Margaret  Dickson 

Hybrid  Tea 

Admiral  Schley 

Earl  of  Warwick 

*Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock 

Admiral  Ward 

*EcarIate 

"Joseph  Hill 

*Antoine  Rivoire 

Edgar  M.  Burnett 

Josephine 

*Arthur  R.  Goodwin 

Edith  Part 

*Kaiserin  Augusta 

Augustus  Hartman 

Edward  Mawley 

Victoria 

Autumn  Tints 

Elizabeth  Barnes 

*KiIIarney 

Belle  Siebrecht 

Ethel  Malcolm 

*KiIIarney  Brilliant 

Bessie  Brown 

*EtoiIe  de  France 

Killarney,  White 

Betty 

Eugene  BouIIet 

Killarney  Queen 

*BriIIiant 

Florence  E.  Coulthwait 

King  George  V. 

British  Queen 

Florence  Forrester 

Konigin  Carola 

Camoens 

*FIorence  Pemberton 

*Lady  Alice  Stanley 

Cardinal 

Francis  Scott  Key 

Lady  Greenall 

Carine 

F.  R.  Patzer 

*Lady  Mary  Ward 

*Chateau  de  CIos 

Frau  Lila 

Lady  Moyra  Beauclerc 

Vougeot 

Rautenstraugh 

Lady  Pirrie 

Cherry  Page 
Cherry  Ripe 

Gainsborough 
G.  Amedee  Hammond 

Lady  Ursula 
*La  France! 

Chrissie  MacKellar 

*GeneraI  MacArthur 

*La  Tosca 

Cissie  Easlea 

*GeneraI-Superior 

*Laurent  Carle 

Cleveland 

Arnold  Janssen 

Leslie  Holland 

Colleen 

George  C.  Waud 

Liberty 

Col.  R.  S.  Williamson 

*George  Dickson 

Lieutenant  Chaure 

Comtesse  Icy  Hardegg 

Gorgeous 

Louise  Lilia 

*Countess  Clanwilliam 
Countess  of  Derby 

Grace  Molyneux 
*Gruss  an  Teplitzf 

*Lyon  Rose 
Mme.  Abel  Chatenay 

Countess  of  Gosford 

Gustav  Grunerwald 

Mme.  Bernier  d'Arnex 

Countess  of 

Hadley 

*Mme.  Caroline  Testout 

Shaftesbury 

Hector  MacKenzie 

*Mme.  Chas.  Lutaud 

Dean  Hole 

Helen  Gould 

Mme.  Colette  Martinet 

Defiance 

H.  E.  Richardson 

(Mme.   Derepas- 

Dorothy  Page-Roberts 

*Hoosier  Beauty 

Matrat) 

Dr.  J.  Campbell  Hall 

H.  V.  Machin 

*Mme.  Edmond 

Dr.  O'Donel  Brown 

Ideal 

Rostand 

Duchess  of  Albanyf 

lona  Herdman 

Mme.  Eugenie  BouIIet 

Duchess  of  Sutherland 

Irish  Beauty 

Mme.  Felix  Faure 

*Duchess  of 

*  Irish  Elegance 

Mme.  Jenny  Guillemot 

Wellingtonf 

Irish  Fireflame 

Mme.  Jules  Bouche 

Duchess  of 

James  Coey 

*Mme.  Jules  Grolez 

Westminster 

Janet 

Mme.  J.  W.  Budde 

It  is  curious  that  this  charming  though  extremely  odd-looking  variety 
should  be  so  little  known  and  less  grown.  It  has  scalloped  petals  of  deep 
crimson,  narrowly  edged  with  white,  reminding  one  of  the  Cross  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor.  This  Rose,  ROGER  LAMBELIN,  is  a  rare  and  unique 
member  of  the  Hardy  Hybrid  Perpetual  family. 


ROSES  ARRANGED  IN  CLASSES 


*Mme.  Leon  Pain 

Mme.  Maurice  de  Luze 
*Mme.  Melanie  Soupert 

Mme.  P.  Euler 

Mme.  Phillip  Rivoire 
*Mme.  Ravary 

Mme.  Schwaller 
*Mme.  Segond  Weber 

Mile.  Aug.  Guinoisseau 

Mile.  Helena  Gambier 

Mile.  Marie  Mascurand 

Mabel  Drew 

Magnafrano 

Mama  Looymans 

Marcella 

*Margaret  Dickson 
Hamill 

Mark  Twain 

Marquise  de  Querhoent 
*Marquise  de  Sinety 
*Mary,  Countess  of  II- 
chester 

Max  Hesdorffer 

May  Miller 

Meteor 

Mevrouw     Dora     Van 
Tets 

Milady 

*Miss  Cynthia  Forde 
*Mrs.  Aaron  Ward 

Mrs.  A.  E.  Coxhead 

Mrs.  Ambrose  Riccardo 

Mrs.  Amy  Hammond 

Mrs.  Andrew  Carnegie 

Mrs.  Archie  Gray 
*Mrs.  A.  R.  Waddell 

Mrs.    Bertram   T. 
Walker 

Mrs.  Chas.  E.  Pearson 

Mrs.  Chas.  Hunter 


Hybrid  Tea  Roses,  continued 

Mrs.  Chas.  Russell  President  Vignet 

Mrs.  Conway  Jones 
Mrs.  Cornwallis  West 


Mrs.  David  Jardine 
Mrs.  David  McKee 
Mrs.  Edward  Powell 
Mrs.  Forde 
Mrs.  F.  W. 

Vanderbilt 
Mrs.  George  Gordon 
Mrs.  George  Norwood 
Mrs.  George  Shawyer 
Mrs.  Harold 

Brocklebank 
Mrs.  Harvey  Thomas 
Mrs.  Hugh  Dickson 
Mrs.  J.  H.  Welsh 
Mrs.  MacKellar 
Mrs.  Maynard  Sinton 
Mrs.  Moorefield  Storey 
Mrs.  R.  D.  McCIure 
Mrs.  Richard  Draper 
Mrs.  Robert  Garrett 
Mrs.  Sam  Ross 
Mrs.  T.  Hillas 
Mrs.  Theo.  Roosevelt 

*Mrs.  Wakefield  Chris- 
tie-Miller 
Mrs.  Wemyss  Quin 

*My  Maryland 
Natalie  Bottner 
Neervelt 
Nerissa 
Old-Gold 
Oliva 

*OpheIia 
Panama 
Peerless 

Pernet's  Triumph 
Pharisaer 


Prima  Donnaf 

Prince  Charles 
d'Arenburg 

Prince  of  Bulgaria 

Princess  Bonnie 

Queen  Beatrice 

Queen  Mary 
*Radiance 
*Rayon  d'Or 

Red-Letter  Day 

Reine  Carola  de  Saxe 

Reine  Marguerite 
d' Italic 

Rene  Robbins 

Renee  Wilmart  Urban 
*Rhea  Reid 

Richmond 

Sea-Bird 

Souv.  de  E.  Guillard 
*Souv.  de  Gustav  Prat 

Souv.  du  Pres.  Carnot 

Souv.  of  Wootton 

Spectacularf 
*Sunburst 
*Taft  Rose 

Veluwezoomf 

Viscountess  Enfield 

Virginia  R.  Coxef 

Walter  Speed 

Waltham's  Scarlet 

W.  E.  Lippiatt 

Wellesley 

West  Grove 
*White  Killarney 

William  Cooper 
'William  Shean 
*WiIIowmere 

Winnie  Davis 


There   are   in   this   list  other   promising   varieties   not   yet   sufficiently 
tested  to  recommend. 

Moss 

*Crested  Moss  *Henry  Martin 
Crimson  Globe  Mpusseline 

Eugene  de  Savoi  *Princess  Adelaide 

*GIory  of  Mosses  Salet 


*BIanche  Moreau 
Blanche  Roberts 
Caroline  Marneis 
Comtesse  de  Murinais 


^nnchen  Miiller 
*Baby  Dorothyf 

Baby  Ramblerf 

Betsy  Van  Nes 
*MIIe.  Cecile  Brunner 

Clothilde  Soupert 

Echo 


Polyantha 

*EIIen  Poulsen 
*Erna  Teschendorff 

Etoile  de  Mai 

George  Elger 

Goldfinch 
*Gruss  an  Aachen 

Katherine  Zeimet 


*Leonie  Lamesch 
*Louise  Walterf 
*Mme.    Norbert    Leva- 

vasseurf 

*Maman  Levavasseurf 
*Marie  Pavie 
Mignonf 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Mignonette 

Miniature 

Mosella,  T.P. 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Cutbushf 

Mme.  Jules  Gouchault 


Polyantha  Roses,  continued 

Mrs.  Taftf  Triomphe  d'Orleans 

*OrIeans  White  Soupert 

Perle  d'Or  Yellow  Soupert 

Sweetheart  f  Yvonne  Rabier 

*Tip-Top 


Kugosa 

Agnes  Emily  Carmen 

Hansa 

Alice  Aldrich 

Mme.  Chas.  Frederick 

Amelia  Gravereaux 

Worth 

Beaute  Poitevine 

Magnifica 

"Blanche    Double   de 

*New  Century 

Coubert 

Nova  Zembla 

Chas.  F.  Worth 

Regina  Badet 

*Conrad  Ferdinand 

Repens  alba 

Meyer 

*Roseraie  de  L'Hay 

Tea 

Ada  Carmody 

J.  B.  Varonne 

*AIexander  Hill  Gray 

Konigin  Wilhelmina 

Alliance   Franco-Russe 

*Lady  Hillingdon 

Anna  Oliver 

Lady  Plymouth 

Aurora 

Lady  Roberts 

Beaute  Inconstante 

Lena 

Betty  Berkeley 

Letty  Coles 

Blumenschmidt 

Mme.  Antoine  Mari 

Bon  Silene 

*Mme.  Camille 

Bride 

Mme.  Caroline  Kuster 

*Bridesmaid 

Mme.  C.  P.  Strassheim. 

Canadian  Belle 
Catherine  Mermet 

Mme.Derepas-Matratf 
Mme.  de  Vatrey 

Comtesse  Riza  du  Pare 

Mme.  de  Watteville 

Comtesse  Sophy  Torby 
Coquette  de  Lyon 

Mme.  Elie  Lambert 
Mmco  F.  Kruger 

Corallina 

Mme.  Hoste 

Corinna 

Mme.  Jean  Dupuy 

Cornelia  Cook 

Mme.  Jos.  Schwartz 

David  Pradel 

Mme.  Lambard 

*Devoniensis  f 

Mme.  Margottin 

Dr.  Grill 

Mme.  Olga 

*Duchesse  de  Brabant 

Mme.  Rene  Gerard 

Enchantress 

Mme.  Vermorel 

*EtoiIe  de  Lyon 

Mme.  Welche 

Fr.  von  Marschall 

Mile.  J.  Phillips 

General  R.  E.  Lee 

*Madison 

G.  Nabonnand 

*Maman  Cochetf 

Golden  Gate 

*Maman  Cochet,  White 

*Harry  Kirk 

*Marie  Guillot 

"Helen  Good 

Marie  Lambert 

Henry  M.  Stanley 

*Marie  Van  Houtte 

*Hugo  Roller 

Marion  Dingee 

Isabella  Sprunt 

Medea 

Ivory 

Bengal,  Climber 

Empress  of  China 

Roseraie  Parfum  de  L' 

Hay 

Rosa  Tetankaba 
*Rugosa  alba 
*Rugosa  rubra 
*SJr  Thomas  Lipton 
(White  Century) 
Souv.  de  Pierre 
Leperdrieux 


*Miss  Alice  de 
Rothschild 
*MoIIy  S.  Crawford 
*Mrs.  B.  R.  Cant 

Mrs.  Campbell  Hall 

Mrs.  Foley  Hobbs 

Mrs.  Herbert 

Hawksworth 
*Mrs.  Herbert  Stevens 

Mrs.  Hubert  Taylor 

Mrs.  Myles  Kennedy 

Mrs..S.T.  Wright 

Muriel  Grahame 

Nita  Weldon 

Papa  Gontier 
*PerIe  des  Jardins 

Perle  des  Jaunes 

Princess  HohenzoIIern 

Princess  de  Sagan 

Queen  Olga  of  Greece 

Queen,  Thef 

Rainbow 

Rose  d'Evian 
*Safrano 

Sombrieul 

Souv.  de  Catherine 

Guillot 

*Souv.  de  Pierre 
Netting 

Sulphurea 
*Sunrise 

Sunset 

White  Maman  Cochet 
*Wm.  R.  Smith t 

Winter  Gem 


ROSES  ARRANGED  IN  CLASSES 


115 


Belle  Siebrecht 
Carmine  Pillar  (Paul'; 
*Gruss  an  Teplitz, 

Climbing 
Kaiserin  Augusta 

Victoria,  Climbing 
Killarney,  Climbing 


Climbing  Hybrid  Teas 

Killarney,  White, 
)  Climbing 

La  France,  Pink, 

Climbing 
Mme.CaroIine  Testoul 

Climbing 
Mme.  Wagram 


Meteor,  Climbing 
My  Maryland, 

Climbing 
Reine  Marie  Henriette, 

Climbing 
Souv.  of  Wootton, 

Climbing 


Climbing  Moss 

Cumberland  Belle  Wichmoss 


Aglaia 

*American  Pillar 
*Birdie  Blye 

Flower  of  Fairfield 

Geisha 


*AIister  Stella  Grayf 
Bridesmaid,  Climbing 
Chromatellaf 
Cloth  of  Goldf 


Cecile  Brunner, 
Climbing 


Multiflora 

Miss  Messman 
Mosella,  Climbing 
*PhiIadeIphia  Rambler 
Psyche 
Rambler,  Crimson 

Noisette 

Lamarque 

Mme.   Alfred   Carriere 
*MarechaI  Niel 

Climbing  Polyantha 

Clothilde  Soupert, 
Climbing 


Ramblers  f 
*Tausendsch6nf 
Thalia 
Trier 
Wartburg 


Reve  d'Or 

Solfaterre 
*Wm.  Allen  Richardson 


Frau  Berta  Guertler, 
Climbing 


*Amy  Robsart 
*Anne  of  Geierstein 


Devoniensis,  Climbing 
Gloire  de  Dijon 
Isabella  Gray 
James  Sprunt 


Sweetbriar 

*Lady  Penzance 
*Sweetbriar,  Common 

Climbing  Tea 

Mme.  Driout 
Mme.  Jules  Gravereaux 
Maman  Cochet,   Pink, 
Climbing 


Maman  Cochet,  White, 

Climbing 
Perle  des  Jardins, 

Climbing 
Pillar  of  Gold 


Alba  rubrifolia 
*AIberic  Barbier 
*American  Beauty, 
Climbing 

Aviator  Bleriot 

Cassimer  MouIIe 
*Christine  Wright 
*Coronation 

Daybreak 

Debutante 

Dorothy  Dennisonf 
*Dorothy  Perkinsf 
*Dorothy  Perkins, 

White 
*Dorothy  Perkins, 

Redf 
*Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet 


Wichuraiana  and  Hybrids 

Dr.    W.    Van    Fleet,  Mrs.  M.  H.  Walsh 

White  Pearl  Queen 

Evangeline  Prof.  C.  S.  Sargent 

Evergreen  Gem  Robert  Craig 

*ExceIsa  Ruby  Queen 

Farquhar  Shower  of  Gold 

*Gardenia  *SiIver  Moon 

""Hiawatha  Sodenia 

Jersey  Beauty  South  Orange 
Juanita  Perfection 

Lady  Duncan  Sweetheart 
Lady  Gayf  Universal  Favorite 

Longwood  W.  C.  Egan 

Manda's  Triumph  *Wichmoss 

*Mary  Lovettf  *Wichuraiana 

*May  Queen  Wichuariana 
Minnehaha  variegata 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Index 


Acicularis,  109. 

Ada  Carmody,  114. 

Admiral  Aaron  Ward,  81. 

Admiral  Aaron  Ward  Rose 
III. 

Admiral  Schley,  in. 

ALnnchen  Muller,  113. 

Aglaia,  108,  115. 

Agnes  Emily  Carmen,  1 14. 

Agrippina,  no. 

Alba,  1 08. 

Alba  rubrifolia,  115. 

Alberic  Barbier,  43. 

Alexander  Hill  Gray,  43. 

Alfred  Colomb,  no. 

Alice  Aldrich,  1 14. 

Alister    Stella    Gray 
(Golden  Rambler),  43. 

Alliance  Franco-Russe,  114. 

Alphonse  Soupert,  no. 

Alpina,  109. 

Altaica,  109. 

Altitude,  Consideration  of, 
6. 

Americana,  109. 

Amelia  Gravereaux,  114. 

American  Beauty  (Mmc. 
Ferd.  Jamin),  no. 

American  Beauty,  Climb- 
ing, 43. 

American  Pillar,  44. 

American  Rose  Society,  92. 

Amy  Robsart,  44. 

Analysis  of  Species,  107- 
109. 

Anna  de  Diesbach,  44. 

Anna  Oliver,  114. 

Anne  of  Geierstein,  44. 

Antoine  Riyoire,  44. 

Antoine  Wintzer,  110. 

Aphides     or     green-fly, 
How  and  wnen  to  des- 
troy, 6,  30. 

Appoline,  no. 

Archduke  Charles,  110. 

Ards  Rover,  no. 

Arsenate  of  lead,  How  to 
use,  6. 

Arthur  R.  Goodwin,  44. 

Arvensis,  108. 

Ashes,  Use  of  Coal,  6. 

Attar  of  Roses,  102. 

Avenue  effect  with  roses, 
13- 

Augustus  Hartman,  in. 

Aurora,  114. 

Austrian  Copper,  109,  no. 

Austrian  Yellow,  109,  no. 

Autumn  Tints,  1 1 1 . 

Aviator  Bleriot,  115. 

Ayrshire,  108. 

Baby  Dorothy  (Maman 
Levavasseur),  44,  106. 

Baby  Rambler,  Crimson 
(Mme.  Norbert  Leva- 
vasseur), 44,  1 06. 


Baby  Ramblers,  44,  106. 
Baby  Tausendschon 

(Louise  Walter),  106. 
Bailey,   Prof.  Liberty  H., 

Ball  of  Snow,  106,  no. 
Banksiae,  108. 
Banksia,  108. 
Barbarossa,  no. 
Baron  de  Bonstetten,  no. 
Baroness  Rothschild,  no. 
Beaute  de  Lyon,  44. 
Beaute  Inconstante,  114. 
Beaute  Poitevine,  114. 
Beauty  of  Rosemawr,  44. 
Beds,     Rose,     shape    and 

size,  ii. 

Belle  d'Orleans,  no. 
Belle  Siebrecht,  in. 
Belle  Siebrecht,  Climbing, 

115. 

Berberifolia,  109. 
Bessie  Brown,  in. 
Betsy  Van  Nes,  113. 
Betty,  in. 
Betty  Berkeley,  114. 
Bibliography,  105. 
Birdie  Blye,  44. 
Black-spot,  30. 
Blanc  Double  de  Cou- 

bert,  44. 

Blanche  Moreau,  44. 
Blanche  Roberts,  113. 
Blumenschmidt,  114. 
Bone-dust,   When  to  use, 

17-  . 

Bon  Silene,  114. 
Books  about  roses,  105. 
Bourbons,  108. 
Bracteata,  109. 
Bracteatae,  109. 
Bride,  114. 
Bridesmaid,  44. 
Bridesmaid,  Climbing,  1 15. 
Brilliant,  44. 
British  Queen,  in. 
Bruant,  M.  Georges,  86. 
Brunoni,  108. 
Budded  roses,  36. 
Bud-rot,  30. 
Burbank,  no. 
Burying  roses  for  winter, 

27- 

Cabbage,  108. 

Calendar     of    operations, 

6,7. 

Camoens,  1 1 1 . 
Canadian  Belle,  114. 
Candeur  Lyonnaise,  44. 
Canina,  109. 
Canina  roses  for  grafting, 

36. 

Canmae,  109. 
Captain  Christy,  no. 
Captain  Hay  ward,  no. 
Cardinal,  in. 


Carine,  in. 

Carmen,  Robert  C.  S.,  86. 

Carmine  Pillar,  115. 

Carolina,  109. 

Carolinse,  109. 

Caroline  Marneis,  113. 

Catherine  Mermet,  114. 

Cassimer  MouIIe,  115. 

Cecile  Brunner,  44. 

Cecile  Brunner,  Climbing, 
115. 

Centifolia,  108. 

Champion  of  the  World, 
46. 

Chapman,  Mr.,  ornitholo- 
gist, 10. 

Charles  Dingee,  106. 

Charles  F.  Worth,  114. 

Charles  Wagner,  no. 

Chateau  de  CIos  Vougeot, 
46. 

Cherry  Page,  in. 

Cherry  Ripe,  in. 

Cheshunt  Hybrid,  in. 

Chinas,  108. 

Chrissie  MacKellar,  1 1 1 . 

Christine  Wright,  46. 

Cinnamomea,  109. 

Cissie  Easlea,  1 1 1 . 

Classes  of  Roses,  39,  110- 
115. 

Cleveland,  in. 

Clio,  46. 

Clothilde  Soupert,  113. 

Cfothilde  Soupert,  Climb- 
ing, 115. 

Colleen,  in. 

Color  plates,  I,  12,  21,  32, 
40,45,51,58,63,70,78, 
87,  94,  103,  112,  117. 

Col.  R.S.Williamson,  in. 

Commander  Jules  Graver- 
eaux, in. 

Comtesse  de  Murinais,  113 

Comtesse     Icy     Hardegg, 

Comtesse    Riza    du    Pare, 

114. 
Comtesse    Sophy     Torby, 

114. 

Conrad  F.  Meyer,  46,  109. 
Conserving  moisture,  25. 
Constance,  46. 
Contents,  table  of,  2. 
Cooper,  Rev.  A.  E.,  100. 
Coquette  des  Alpes,  IT'. 
Coquette des Blanches,  1 1 1. 
Coquette  de  Lyon,  114. 
Corallina,  114. 
Corinna,  114. 
Cornelia  Cook,  114. 
Coronation  (H.P.),  46. 
Countess  Clanwilliam,  46. 
Countess  of  Derby,  1 1 1 . 
Countess  of  Gosford,  1 1 1 . 
Countess   of  Shaftesbury, 

III* 


PINK  BABY  RAMBLER,  or  BABY  DOROTHY,  is  a  good  repre- 
sentative of  the  Baby  Rambler  family,  now  available  in  an  almost  endless 
variety  of  colors,  including  white  and  all  shades  of  pink  and  red. 

This  is  the  dwarf-growing  Polyantha  Rose  so  popular  now  for  edging 
and  also  for  bedding.  It  is  recommended  for  use  in  place  of  geraniums, 
because  it  is  so  hardy  that  it  does  not  need  to  be  replanted  yearly. 


n8 


HOW  TO  GROW  ROSES 


Crested  Moss,  47. 
Crimson  Globe,  113. 
Crimson     Rambler,      108, 

Cumberland  Belle,  115. 
Currey,  J.  A.,  77. 

Evergreen  Gem,  115. 
Excelsa,  48. 
Expert  opinions,  77—91. 

Farquhar,  115. 
F.  E.  Coulthwaite,  1  1  1. 

Hadley,  i  n. 
Hansa,  114. 
Harisonii,  109. 
Harison's  Yellow,  49. 
Harry  Kirk,  49. 
Hector  MacKenzie,  in. 

Daily     Mail     (Mme. 

Edouard  Herriot),  53. 
Damascena,  108. 
David  Pradel,  114. 
Daybreak,  115. 
Dean  Hole,  10,  in. 
Debutante,  115. 
Defiance,  1 1 1. 
De  la  Griff erai,  108. 
Devoniensis,  47. 
Dr.  Grill,  114. 
Distance   apart   for   roses, 

Dr.  j.  Campbell  Hall,  III. 
Dr.  O'Donel  Brown.  1 1 1 . 
Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet,  47- 
Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet,  White, 

1 15. 
Dorothy  Dennison,  106, 

115. 
Dorothy  Page  Roberts, 

Dorothy  Perkins,  47,  106, 

1 08. 
Dorothy  Perkins,  Red, 

1 06. 
Dorothy  Perkins,  White, 

Douglas,  no. 
Drainage,  10—14. 
Duchesse  de  Brabant.  47. 
Duchess  of  Albany,  in. 
Duchess     of     Sutherland, 

in. 

Duchess  of  Wellington,  4^. 
Duchess    of    Westminster, 

in. 

Dundee  Rambler,  108. 
Dutch  Beauty,  106. 

Earl  of  Warwick,  1 1 1 . 
Ecse,  109. 
Ecarlate,  47. 
Echo,  113. 

Edgar  M.  Burnett,  in. 
Edith  Part,  in. 
Edward  Mawlev,  111. 
Egan,  W.  C.,  26,  85. 
Ellen  Poulsen,  47. 
Eliot,  Charles  W.,  91. 
Elizabeth  Barnes,  in. 
Empress  of  China,  14. 
Enchantress,  114. 
Erna  Teschcndorff,  47. 
Ethel  Malcolm,  in. 
Etoile  de  France,  48. 
Etoile  de  Lyon,  48. 
Etoile  de  Mai,  1 13. 
Eugene  BouIIet,  in. 
Eugene  de  Savoi,  113. 
Eugene  Furst,  ill, 
Euphrosine,  106. 
Evangeline,  115, 


Felicite  et  Perpetue,  108. 
Fertilizers  of  all  kinds,  16. 
Florence  Forrester,  1 1 1 . 
Florence  Pemberton,  48. 
Flower  of  Fairfield,  115. 
Formal  garden,  illustrated, 

13. 

Four  seasons,  108. 
Francois  Levet,  in. 
Francis  Scott  Key,  1 1 1 . 
Frau  Berta  Guertler,  115. 
Frau  Karl  Druschki,  48. 
Frau  Lila  Rautenstraugh, 

in. 

F.  R.  Patzer,  1 1 1. 

Fr.  von  Marschall,  114. 
Fungoid  troubles,  7. 

Gainsborough,  in. 
Gallica,  108. 
Gallicae,  108. 

G.  Amedee  Hammond,  1 1 1 . 
Gardenia,  48. 

Geisha,  1 15. 

General  Jacqueminot,  48. 

General  MacArthur,  48. 

General  R.  E.  Lee,  114. 

General-Superior    Arnold- 
Janssen,  48. 

George  Arcnds,  ill. 

George  C.  Waud,  in. 

George  Dickson,  48. 

George  Elger,  113. 

Giant  of  Battles,  in. 

Giant  Tree  Rose,  illustra- 
tion of,  98. 

Gloire  de  Chedane 
Guinoisseau,  49. 

Gloire  de  Dijon,  26. 

Gloire  de  Margottin,  111. 

Gloire  Lyonnaise,  49. 

Glory  of  Mosses,  49. 

Gloire  de  Paris,  106. 

Glory  of  Paris,  ill. 

G.  Nabonnand,  114. 

Goldfinch,  113. 

Golden  Gate,  114. 

Golden  Rambler  (see  Alis- 
ter  Stella  Gray) 

Golden  rules,  29. 

Gorgeous,  1 1 1. 

Grace  Molyneux,  III. 

Grafted  roses,  36. 

Grandiflora,  108. 

Gravereaux,  M.  Jules, 
24. 

Green-fly,  Aphis  or,    How 
to  destroy,  6,  30. 

Green  Rose,  106. 

Gruss  an  Aachen,  49. 

Gruss  an  Teplitz,  49. 

Gruss  an  Teplitz,   Climb- 
ing, 49. 

Gustav  Grunerwald,  in. 


Heeling-in  roses,  19. 
Heinrich  Munch,  in. 
Helen  Good,  49. 
Helen  Gould,  111. 
H.  E.  Richardson,  in. 
Henri  Martin,  49. 
Henry  M.  Stanley,  114. 
Hermosa,  49. 
Hiawatha,  49. 
Hibernica,  109. 
Hoosier  Beauty,  50. 
Huey,  Dr.  Robert,  82. 
Hugh  Dickson,  50. 
Hugonis,  109. 
Hugo  Roller,  50. 
H.  V.^Machm,  in. 
Hybridizing,  A  few  words 
about,  104. 

Ideal,  in. 
Indica,  108. 
Indicse,  108. 
Jndica  odorata,  108. 
Indica  sanguinea,  108. 
Insect  enemies,  30. 
Involuta,  109. 
lona  Herdman,  in. 
Irish  Beauty,  111. 
Irish  Elegance,  50. 
Irish  Fireflame,  in. 
Isabella  Sprunt,  1 14. 
Ivory,  1 14. 

J.  B.  Varonne,  114. 
James  Coey,  in. 
Janet,  1 1 1. 
J.  B.  Clark,  50. 
Jeannette  Heller,  106. 
Jersey  Beauty,  109,  115. 
John  Hopper,  1 11. 
John  Keynes,  i  n. 
Jonkheer  J.  L.  Mock,  50. 
Joseph  Hill,  50. 
Josephine,  1 1 1. 
Juanita,  1 15. 
Jubilee,  1 11. 
Juliet,  50. 

Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria, 
50. 

Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria, 
Climbing,  115. 

Katherinc  Zeimet,  113. 

Killarneys,  50,  106. 

Killarney  Brilliant,  50. 

Killarney  Queen,  ill. 

Killarney,  Striped,  106. 

Killarney,  Climbing,  115. 

Killarney,  White,  in. 

Killarney,  White,  Climb- 
ing, 115. 

King  George  V.,  1 1 1. 

Konigin  Carola,  in. 

Konigin  Wilhelmina,  1 14. 


INDEX 


119 


Labeling,  22,  23. 

Mme.     Caroline    Testout, 

Magna  Charta,  53. 

Labels,  copper,    22;    zinc; 

Climbing,  115. 

Magnafrano,  113. 

celluloia,  stake,  garden- 
club,  Mann,     23;     Sim- 
plex, 24. 

Mme.      Chas.      Frederick 
Worth,  114. 
Mme.  Charles  Lutaud,  52. 

Magnifica,  114. 
Magnolia  Rose,  106. 
Maiden's  Blush,  108. 

Lady  Alice  Stanley,  50. 
Lady  Duncan,  114. 
Lady  Gay,  1  14. 

Mme.  Charles  Wood,  in. 
Mme.    Colette    Martinet, 
i  n. 

Mama  Looymans,  113. 
Maman  Cochet,  Pink,  53. 
Maman      Cochet,      Pink, 

Lady  Godiva,  106. 
Lady  Greenall,  1  1  1  . 
Lady  Helen  Stewart,  1  1  1  . 

Mme.      Derepas-Matrat, 
106,  114. 
Mme.  de  Vatrey,  1  14. 

Climbing,  53. 
Maman  Cochet,  White,  56. 
Maman     Cochet,     White, 

Lady  Hillingdon,  50. 
Lady  Mary  Ward,  50. 
Lady     Moyra     Beauclerc, 

Mme.  de  Watteville,  114. 
Mme.  Driout,  115. 
Mme.  Edmond  Rostand, 

Climbinjg,  115. 
Maman    Cochet,    Yellow, 
1  06. 

in. 

52. 

Maman     Levavasseur 

Lady  Penzance,  50. 

Mme.     Edouard     Herriot 

(Baby    Dorothy),     106, 

Lady  Pirrie,  in. 

(Daily  Mail  Rose),  53. 

"3- 

Lady  Plymouth,  114. 

Mme.  Elie  Lambert,  114. 

Manda's  Triumph,  114. 

Lady  Roberts,  1  1  4. 

Mme.     Eugenie     BouIIet, 

Manetti,  108. 

Lady  Ursula,  1  1  1  . 

Manetti  roses  for  grafting, 

La  France,  50,  106. 
La  France,  Climbing,  115. 

Mme.      Eugene      Marlitt, 
53- 

36. 

Manure,  liquid,  When  to 

La  France,  Red  (Duchess 

Mme.  Felix  Faure,  in. 

apply,  1  6. 

of  Albany),  106. 

Mme.  F.  Kruger,  114. 

Map  of  U.  S.  A.,  18. 

La  France,  Striped,  106. 

Mme.      Georges     Bruant, 

Marcella,  113. 

La  France,  White  (Augus- 
tine Guinoisseau),  106. 

109. 
Mme.  Hoste,  114. 

Marchioness  of  Lome,  1  1  1. 
Marechal  Niel,  56. 

Lamarque,  115. 
La  Reine,  i  n  . 

Mme.  Jean  Dupuy,  114. 
Mme.    Jenny     Guillemot, 

Margaret  Dickson,  1  1  1  . 
Margaret  Dickson  Hamill, 

La  Reine  des  Neige,  106. 

in. 

56. 

La  Roseire,  106. 

Mme.  Jos.  Schwartz,  114. 

Marie  Guillot,  56. 

La  Tosca,  50. 

Mme.  Jules  Bouche,  in. 

Marie  Lambert,  114. 

Laurent  Carle,  52. 

Mme.     Jules     Gouchault, 

Marie  Leonidas,  108. 

Lsevigata,  109. 

114. 

Marie  Pavie,  56. 

Lsevigatae,  109. 

Mme.    Jules    Gravereaux, 

Marie  Van  Houtte,  56. 

Lena,  114. 
Leonie  Lambert,  1  1  1  . 

115. 
Mme.  Jules  Grolez,  53. 

Marion  Dingee,  114. 
Mark  Twain,  113. 

Leonie  Lamesch,  52. 

Mme.J.  W.  Budde,  in. 

Marquise    de    Querhoent, 

Leopoldine  d'Orleans,  108. 
Leslie  Holland,  in. 

Mme.  Lambard,  114. 
Mme.  Leon  Pain,  53. 

113. 
Marquise  de  Sinety,  56. 

Letty  Coles,  114. 

Mme.  Margottin,  114. 

Marshall  P.  Wilder,  in. 

Liberty,  in. 

Mme.  Masson,  111. 

Mary,  Countess  of  Ilches- 

Lieutenant  Chaure,  1  1  1  . 

Mme.    Maurice   de   Luzc, 

ter,  56. 

Longwood,  114- 
Louise  C.  Breslau,  52. 

113. 
Mme.  Melanie  Soupert,  53. 

Mary  Lovett,  56. 
Mawley,  Edward,  29. 

Louise  Lilia,  1  1  1. 

Mme.    Norbert    Levavas- 

Max  Hesdorffer,  113. 

Louise  Walter,  52. 

seur      (Crimson      Baby 

May  Miller,  113. 

Lucida,  109. 

Rambler),  113. 

May  Queen,  56. 

LucuIIus,  no. 

Mme.  Olga,  114. 

Medea,  114. 

Lutea,  109. 

Mme.  Phillip  Rivoire,  113. 

Meteor,  113. 

Luteae,  109. 

Mme.  P.  Euler,  113. 

Meteor,  Climbing,  115. 

Lyon  Rose,  52. 

Mme.  Plantier,  75. 

Mice,      How      to      guard 

Macartney,  109. 
McFarland,    J.     Horace, 

Mme.  Ravary,  53. 
Mme.  Rene  Gerard,  114. 
Mme.  Segond  Weber,  53. 

against,  27. 
Microphylla,  109. 
Microphyllae,  109. 

92,  105. 

Mme.  Vermorel,  114. 

Mignon,  106,  113. 

Macrantha,  109. 
Macrophylla,  109. 
Mme.  Abel  Chatenay,  1  1  1  . 

Mme.  Wagram,  115. 
Mme.  Welche,  114. 
Mile.   Augustine   Guinois- 

Mignonette, 114. 
Milady,  113. 
Mildew,  How  to  remedy, 

Mme.  Alfred  Carriere,  52. 

seau,  113. 

6. 

Mme.  Angel  Vayssett,  106. 

Mile.     Helena     Gambier, 

Mills,  Rev.  E.  M.,  80-97. 

Mme.  Antoine  Mari,  114. 

US- 

Miniature,  114. 

Mme.     Bernier    d'Arnex, 

Mile.  J.  Phillips,  114. 

Minnehaha,  115. 

Mile.  Louise  Crete,  in. 

Minutifolia  109. 

Mme.  Camille,  52. 

Mile,  Marie  Mascurand, 

Miss  Alice  de  Rothschild, 

Mme.     Caroline     Kuster, 

1  13. 

$7- 

114. 

Mabel  Drew,  113. 

Miss  Cynthia  Forde,  57. 

Mme.  C.  P.  Strassheim,  114. 

Madison,  53. 

Miss  Messman,  1  1  5. 

Mme.    Caroline    Testout, 

Maddalena     Soalarandis, 

Moisture,     How    to    con- 

52. 

no. 

serve,  25. 

I2O 


HOW  TO  GROV^  ROSES 


Moles,     How     to     guard 

against,  27. 
Molly  Sharman-Crawford, 

Moschata,  108. 
Moschata  alba,  108. 
Moscosa,  1 08. 
Mosella,  114. 
Mosella,  Climbing,  115. 
Moss,  1 08. 
Mousseline,  113. 
Multiflora  simplex,  108. 
Multifolia%  iog. 
Mrs.  Aaron  Ward,  57. 
Mrs.  A.  E.  Coxhead,  113. 
Mrs.  Ambrose  Riccardo, 

113. 

Mrs.  Amy  Hammond,  113. 
Mrs.     Andrew     Carnegie, 

113. 

Mrs.  Archie  Gray,  113. 
Mrs.  A.  R.  Waddell,  57- 
Mrs.  B.  R.  Cant,  57- 
Mrs.  Bertram  T.  Walker, 

113. 

Mrs.  Campbell  Hall,  114. 
Mrs.    Chas.    E.    Pearson, 

113. 

Mrs.  Chas.  Hunter,  113. 
Mrs.  Charles  Russell,  113. 
Mrs.  Con  way  Jones,  113. 
Mrs.      Cornwallis      West, 

113. 

Mrs.  David  Jardine,  113. 
Mrs.  David  McKee,  113. 
Mrs.  Edward  Powell,  113. 
Mrs.  Forde,  113. 
Mrs.  Foley  Hobbs,  114. 
Mrs.    F.    W.    Vanderbilt, 

"3- 

Mrs.  George  Gordon,  113. 
Mrs.      George      Norwood, 

"3- 

Mrs.  George  Shawyer,  113. 
Mrs.  Harold  Brocklebank, 

113. 
Mrs.     Harvey     Thomas, 

113. 

Mrs.  H.  Hawksworth,  114. 
Mrs.  Herbert  Stevens,  57. 
Mrs.  Hubert  Taylor,  114. 
Mrs.  Hugh  Dickson,  113. 
Mrs.  John  Laing,  57. 
Mrs.  J.  H.Welsh,  113. 
Mrs.  MacKellar,  113. 
Mrs.      Maynard      Sinton, 

113. 

Mrs.  M.  H.  Walsh,  115. 
Mrs.     Moorefield     Storey, 

113. 

Mrs.  Myles  Kennedy,  114. 
Mrs.  O.  G.  Orpen,  1 10. 
Mrs.  R.  D.  McCIure,  113. 
Mrs.      Richard       Draper, 

"3- 

Mrs.     R.      G.      Sharman- 
Crawford,  in. 
Mrs.  Robert  Garrett,  113. 
Mrs.  Robert  Peary,  115. 
Mrs.  Sam  Ross,  113. 


Mrs.  S.  T.  Wright,  114. 

Mrs.  Taft,  114. 

Mrs.      Theo.      Roosevelt, 

Mrs?t.  Hillas,  113. 

Mrs.   W.   Christie   Miller, 

Mrs7.*W.  H.  Cutbush,  106, 
114. 

Mrs.  Wemyss  Quin,  113. 

Mrs.  W.  J.  Grant,  106. 

Mulch,  dust  6;  grass, 
leaves,  sawdust,  peat- 
moss, 7,  25. 

Mulching,  25. 

Multiflora  roses  for  graft- 
ing, 36. 

Municipal  rose-gardens, 
95- 

Muriel  Dickson,  57. 

Muriel  Grahame,  114. 

Muscosa,  1 08. 

My  Maryland,  50. 

My  Maryland,  Climbing, 
115. 

Natalie  Bottner,  113. 
Neervelt,  113. 
Nerissa,  113. 
New  Century,  59. 
Nita  Weldon,  114. 
Noisettes,  108. 
Nova  Zembla,  114. 

Oakmont,  in. 
Old-Gold,  113. 
Oliva,  113. 
Ophelia,  59. 
Orleans,  59. 
Orpet,  Mr.,  26. 

Panama,  113. 

Papa  Gontier,  114. 

Parker,  G.  A.,  91,  95. 

Paula  Clegg,  in. 

Paul  Neyron,  59. 

Paul's  Carmine  Pillar,  115. 

Pearl  Queen,  115. 

Peerless,  113. 

Pemberton,  Rev.  J.  H., 
105. 

Perle  d'Or,  114. 

Perle  des  Jardins,  59. 

Perle  des  Jardins,  Climb- 
ing, 115. 

Perle  des  Jaunes,  1 14. 

Pernet's  Triumph,  113. 

Persian  Yellow,  59,  109. 

Pharisaer,  113. 

Philadelphia  Rambler,  59. 

Pillar  of  Gold,  115. 

Pimpinellifoliae,  109. 

Pink  Daily,  no. 

Pink  Memorial,  Dbl,  (Uni- 
versal Favorite),  115. 

Pissardii,  108. 

Plant-food,  7. 

Plant  roses,  When  to,  17. 

Plant  roses,  Depth  to,  20. 


Planting     roses,     General 

rules  on,  20. 
Platting,  24. 
Pomifera,  109. 
Powdery  mildew,  30. 
President  Vignet,  113. 
Prima    Donna    (Mme.    P. 

Euler),  1 06,  113. 
Prince  Camille  de  Rohan, 

59,  I 06. 
Prince      Charles      d'Aren- 

burg,  113. 

Prince  of  Bulgaria,  113. 
Princess  Adelaide,  59. 
Princess  Bonnie,  113. 
Princess  de  Sagan,  114. 
Princess     HohenzoIIern, 

114. 

Prof.  C.  S.  Sargent,  115. 
Protection  for  winter,   26- 

29. 

Protecting  tree  roses,  29. 
Provence,  108. 
Prune,  When  to,  6,  7. 
Pruning,  information,   31- 

Pruning-shears,  35. 
Psyche,  115. 
Pyle,  Robert,  100. 

Queen  Beatrice,  113. 
Queen  Mary,  113. 
Queen  Olga  of  Greece,  114. 
Queen's  Scarlet,  59. 
Queen,  The,  106,  114. 

Radiance,  60. 
Rainbow,  114. 
Rambler,  Crimson,  115. 
Ramblers,  115. 
Rayon  d'Or,  60. 
Red-Letter  Day,  113. 
Red  Rose  Church  at  Man- 

heim,  100. 
Regina  Badet,  114. 
Reine  Carola  de  Saxe,  113. 
Reine  Marguerite  d' Italic, 

Reine  Marie  Henriette, 
115. 

Rembrandt,  1 1 1 . 

Rene  Robbins,  113. 

Renee  Wilmart  Urban,  113. 

Repens  alba,  114. 

Reve  d'Or,  115. 

Rhea  Reid,  60. 

Richmond,  113. 

Robert  Craig,  115. 

Roberts,  Rev.  F.  Page,  14. 

Roger  Lambelin,  60. 

Roosevelt,  Ex-President 
Theodore,  10. 

Rose-beads,  101. 

Rose-beetle,  Spray  for,  6. 

Rose-bug,  30. 

Rose-chafer,  30. 

Rose-garden,  The  ama- 
teur's, 3. 

Rose-gardens,  Famous,  27, 
97,  98-100. 


INDEX 


121 


Rose-gardens,  Municipal, 
95-97- 

Rose  hedges,  74. 

Rose  nicotine  for  aphis,  6, 
30. 

Rose  perfume,  102. 

Rose  progress,  93,  97- 

Rose-slug,  Spray  for,  6,  30. 

Rose  test-gardens,  93. 

Roses,  Appropriate  uses 
for,  41,  42. 

Roses,  Attar  of,  101. 

Roses,  Cemetery,   75. 

Roses,  Dependable  varie- 
ties of,  43-62. 

Roses,  Establishing  ideals, 

Roses,  Forcing,  76. 


Sodenia,  115. 

Soils,  14. 

Soleil  d'Or,  61. 

Solfaterre,  115. 

South  Orange   Perfection, 

115. 
Souv.  de  Catherine  Guil- 

lot,  114. 

Souv.  de  E.  Guillard,  113. 
Souv.  de  Gustav  Prat,  61. 
Souv.  de  la  Malmaison,  61. 
Souv.  de  Pierre  Leper- 

drieux,  1 14. 

Souv.  de  P.  Notting,  61. 
Souv.  du  President  Carnot, 

113. 

Souv.  de  S.  A.  Prince,  106. 
Souv.  of  Wootton,  113. 


Roses,  How  to  arrange,  5. 

Souv.  of  Wootton,  Climb- 

Roses,   Various    uses    of, 

ing,  115. 

Roses,  Where  to  plant,  9. 

Spectacular,  113. 
Spinosissima,  ior>. 

Rose  d'Evian,  114. 
Roseraie  de  L'Hay,  60. 
Roseraie  de  L'Hay  Rose- 

Spinosissimae,  109. 
Spray,  When  to,  6,  7. 
Standard  roses,  13,  73. 

garden,  Partial  descrip- 

Staking, 22. 

tion  of,  98-100. 

Stylosa,  1  08. 

Roseraie    Parfum    de    L' 

Stylosae,  108. 

Hay,  114- 
Rubigmosa,  109. 
Rubrifolia,  108. 

Sulphurea,  109,  114. 
Sunburst,  61. 
Sunrise,  61. 

Ruby  Queen,  115. 

Sunset,  114. 

Rugosa,  109. 

Synonymous  roses,  106. 

Rugosa  alba,  60,  109. 
Rugosa  rubra,  60,  109. 

Synstylse,  108. 
Sweetbriar,  61. 

Sweetheart,  106,  115. 

Safrano,  60. 

Salet,  113. 
Santa  Rosa,  no. 

Taft  Rose,  61. 
Tausendschon,  61. 

Scissors,  Pruning,  35. 

Tea-scented,  108. 

Sea-bird,  113. 

Temperature    in    different 

Selecting  the  right   roses, 

latitudes,  18. 

37-41. 

Temple  of  Love,  99. 

Semperflorens,  108. 
Sempervirens,  108. 
Sericea,  109. 

Test-gardens,  93. 
Thalia,  115. 
Thomas,  George  C.,  Jr., 

Sericese,  109. 

25. 

Setigera,  108. 

Thousand  Beauties,  106. 

Shears,  Pruning,  35. 

Tip-Top,  114. 

Shower  of  Gold,  115. 
Silver  Moon,  60. 

Tomentosa,  109. 
Tom  Wood,  in. 

Simplicifolise,  109. 

Tree  roots,  Danger  from, 

Sinica,  109. 

9. 

Sir  Thomas  Lipton,  61. 

Tree  roses,  13,  73. 

Smothering   roses,   About, 

Trier,  115. 

27. 
Soap,  Whale-oil,  30. 

Triomphe  d'Orleans, 
114. 

Ulrich  Brunner,  62. 
Universal  Favorite,  115. 

Van  Fleet,  Dr.  W.,  83. 
Varieties,  Number  of,  37. 
Veluwezoom,  113. 
Vick's  Caprice,  1 1 1 . 
Victor  Verdier,  1 1 1 . 
Villosa,  109. 

Virginia  R.  Coxe,  106,  113. 
Viridiflora,  no. 
Viscountess  Enfield,  113. 

Walter  Speed,  113. 

Waltham's  Scarlet,  113. 

Ward,  Admiral  Aaron,  81. 

War  of  the  Roses,  York 
and  Lancaster  Rose,  as- 
sociated with  the,  63. 

Wartburg,  115. 

W.  C.  Egan,  115. 

Weeds,  How  to  keep  down, 
25. 

W.  E.  Lippiatt,  113. 

WeJIesley,  113. 

West  Grove,  113. 

White  American  Beauty, 
(Frau  Karl  Druschki), 
1 06. 

White  Killarney,  62. 

White  Killarney,  Climb- 
ing, 115. 

White  Maman  Cochet,  56. 

White  Maman  Cochet, 
Climbing,  115. 

White  Soupert,  114. 

Wichmoss,  62. 

Wichuraiana,  62,  108. 

Wichuraiana  yariegata,  115. 

Wm.  Allen  Richardson,  62. 

Win.  Cooper,  113. 

Wm.  R.  Smith,  62. 

William  Shean,  62. 

Willowmere,  62. 

Winnie  Davis,  113. 

Winter  Gem,  114. 

Winter-protection,  27-29 

Winter-protection,  When 
to  remove,  27. 

Wirth,  Theodore,  29,  79. 

Xanthina,  109. 

Yellow  Soupert,  114. 
York   and   Lancaster,   62, 

1 08. 
Yvonne  Rabier,  1 1 4. 


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